1857.] Report on the Progress of the Magnetic Survey. 103 



The temperature and quantity of water of springs has also been 

 ascertained as often as opportunities would present themselves. 



I had the opportunity of visiting an interesting hot spring on the 

 Godavery, near Badrachellum, in the Eastern Ghauts, to the West 

 of Raj ah in un dry. 



It is situated in the sandy bed of the Godavery, about 3 miles 

 from Badrachellum. 



The water does not come to the surface, but is concealed under 

 the alluvial sand which fills up the dry bed of the Godavery River. 

 I met it after having dug a well of 7 feet depth. The highest tem- 

 perature observed was 49 degrees C, but of course the temperature 

 is much affected by the cold water of the Godavery constantly 

 percolating through the sand. The presence of the hot springs is 

 said to be visible during the rainy season, when the Godavery fills 

 up its whole bed by some vapour of water rising just over the spot 

 where the hot spring is situated. During the dry season the pre- 

 sence of the hot water under the sand is clearly indicated by the 

 high temperature of the sands above it, which, at a depth of from 

 15 to 20 centimetres from the surface, had a temperature of from 

 36° to 38° centigrade. The heating influence of the spring upon 

 the surface sands extends over as much as 200 to 240 square 

 metres. 



Its origin is certainly due to one of the great fissures of disloca- 

 tion or faults which have accompanied the upheavement of the 

 Eastern Ghauts, though in the immediate neighbourhood no pecu- 

 liar alteration in the general features of the country is visible. 



Geology. 



The great surface of the country which I was able to traverse 

 during this cold season offered a very favourable opportunity for 

 geological observations. 



I shall endeavour, in a few paragraphs, to mention some of the 

 conclusions to which I think my observations will lead, but I must 

 reserve it for some later period to illustrate these statements with 

 the necessary detailed sections and notes. 



1. The sandy deposits of the plains of Hindustan, which are 

 bordered by the Himalayas and by the mountains of Bundelkund, 



