1857.] Report on the Progress of the Magnetic Survey. 127 



6. The heat and dryness of summer in Balti, which is so much 

 opposed to the growth of Coniferse and other forest trees, exercises 

 a very different influence upon the growth of artificially planted 

 fruit trees which are very abundant. 



The fruit trees reach in Balti to a much greater elevation than in 

 the Himalaya ; the upper limits (of the walnut for instance) in 

 Balti and the Kuenluen is 11,000 feet, whilst in the Himalaya, it 

 is only 9,000 : the apricots (a characteristic tree for the Balti val- 

 leys,) which are nearly unknown in the Himalaya, reach 10,000 to 

 10,500 ft. Apples and grapes show a difference still greater than in 

 the case of the walnuts. The cause of it is, that in the Himalaya 

 the summer rains tend to lower the summer temperature in the 

 higher valleys owing especially to the cloudy state of the atmosphere. 



In the upper Himalayan valleys, the summer rains just set in at a 

 time when these fruit trees are still in flower or beginning to form 

 the fruit. 



7. The observations of the temperature of 'the ground at various 

 depths mentioned in our former Reports were carried on at many 

 stations, both by my brothers, and by myself. 



The following are the temperatures of the ground observed at one 

 meter, (3 feet 3 inches) below the surface at some of the principal 

 places. 



The thermometers were buried in a level open ground which was 

 freely exposed to the rays of the sun. 



Temperature at 1 m e . 

 STATIONS,' &C. ter (3 feet 3 mche s \ 



below the surface. 



Sultanpore, 5th to 7th June, 24.5° 



Kohsar, 8th to 9th June, (12,000) 9.4 



Kardong, 10th to 14th June, (12,000) 9.6 



Padum, 24th to 27th June, (12,000) 9.7 



Dah, 5th and 6th July, (9,700) 18.3 



Chorkonda, 21st and 22nd July, (12,000) 14.2 



Shigar, 4th and 5th August, (8,200) 18.7 



Chutrou, 8th, 9th and 10th August, 20.0 



Isoha,Camp near Mustak glaciers, 19th and 20th 



August, (17,000) 8,0 



