185/.] Account of the Lower Derajdt. 189 



exceedingly troublesome and turbulent. They are powerful in 

 point of numbers, and can muster about 3,000 men if required. 

 The chief is named Dost Muhammad Khan, who is allowed a month- 

 ly sum by Government, which may be properly termed " Black 

 mail." He also holds several Maafi or rent-free wells and lands 

 besides receiving Bardt fees already mentioned. The Bozdars hold 

 the passes of Sanghar and Mahoey. Another branch of the tribe 

 acknowledges one Nowrang Khau as their chief, and they go by 

 the name of Nowrang Bozdars. 



The Sanghar pass and valley is so called from the small river 

 runuing through it, which takes its rise on the eastern slope of 

 the Black Range. It flows all the year round, and quantities of 

 wheat and juwar are produced within the influence of its fertilizing 

 stream. Other lands depending on rain and the water of the bunds 

 or ponds for irrigation, are also cultivated by the Bozdars, who 

 here amount to about two thousand souls. 



Between this valley and the Black Range there is an immense 

 quantity of land tit for cultivation along the banks of the Sanghar 

 river, which is generally taken advantage of by the Bozdars of 

 the Seharrui and Siiwarrui clans. The Grulamani branch occupy 

 the highest slopes of the Black Range both on the eastern and 

 also on the western side adjoining the Afghan country. The 

 higher range is, however, but thinly peopled, and is generally 

 uninhabited. The Zaitun or wild olive, and the Piilah or Phiilah 

 tree flourish on the banks of the Sanghar river towards its source, 

 and lower down the valley the Shishiim and the Eig. 



The road through the Sanghar pass is very good, and is practica- 

 ble for both man and beast, and also available for artillery. It is 

 in fact the high road to Kandahar by the plain of Bori and the 

 valley of Pishin ; but the pass itself is completely in the hands of 

 the Bozdars until the Black Range is passed, and if they chose, 

 they might throw obstacles in the way, but soon to be surmounted 

 it is hoped, by a few staunch troops and the minie rifle. To us 

 probably they would only be too glad to render assistance, and in 

 the event of any necessity for the speedy arrival of troops at 

 Kandahar, which might be reached from Multan by this route in 

 twelve days, their services might be secured and our rear also, as 



