1857.] Memorandum on the Nanga Parhat. 269 



Baltal, Haramook, the highest points of the Pir Panjal and Nos. 

 16 to 27 inclusive are visible from various parts of Kashmir. 



The position and heights of these mountains have been deter- 

 mined by observations taken at the principal stations of the Kashmir 

 series. For instance the Nanga Parbat has been determined by 

 observations with a 14 inch* theodolite from eleven principal sta- 

 tions at distances varying from 43 to 133 miles and at heights 

 ranging from 7,700 to 16,000 and odd feet. 



Four or more independent computations have been made for each 

 point, the accompanying abstract of the results of the computations 

 of the Nanga Parbat may be taken as a fair specimen. In this 

 instance, the latitude and longitude have been derived from seven 

 independent deductions, the heights from eleven, and the distances 

 from the same number of triangles. The extreme difference from 

 the mean is only one-tenth of a second in latitude and longitude, 

 and only 25 feet in height, being as accordant as could be expected, 

 considering that it is an unmarked peak,t that the attraction of the 

 mountains is very great, and that no doubt, between observations, 

 variations did occur caused by falls of snow at one time, and by the 

 melting of the same at another. 



The refraction used for completing the height of the Nanga 

 Parbat as well as of the other peaks has throughout been deter- 

 mined practically from my own reciprocal observations between 

 principal stations, that is to say from observations to and from 

 those elevated points of the Himalayan range, which were actually 

 occupied for the purpose of observation while extending the series 

 of great triangles across the Pir Panjal and the great snowy barrier 

 to the north of the valley. 



The skeleton chart shows the geographical position of the Nanga 

 Parbat and the other peaks in the accompanying list. The position 

 of Murree, Jhelum, Sealkote, Srinagar, and other places being added 

 for the sake of illustration. 



* Troughton and Simins, No. 5, G. T. S. 

 t The term unmarked in the Gr. T. S. means a peak in which no signal mark. 

 has been erected. 



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