1857.] 



Vayu Vocabulary. 



3S3 



Immoveable 

 Figured 



Figureless 



Figureable 



Unfigureable 



Luminous 

 Shining 



Illumined 



Illuminated 



Illuminable 



Dark, obscure 



Darkened 



Flaming 

 Burning-self 

 Kindled-self 

 Kindled \ 

 Lighted > other 

 Inflamed J 



Burnt, consumed by fire 



Burning, in process of 



destruction by fire 

 Extinguishing self, 



going out, dying 



(flame) 

 Extinguished self, gone 



out 

 Extinguished by other, 



put out, 

 The upper, superior 

 The lower, inferior 



Mang thuktang. 

 ^Narung 

 ^Narung notvi. 

 (jNarung ma notvi. 

 ^Mang narung 

 {Narung patang. 

 ^Narung hatang. 

 c Narung mang patang. 

 ^Narung mang hatang. 

 f Dang dang mu. 



< Dang dang dumta. 

 [ Dang dang notvi. 



Dang dang pota. 



Dang dang thumta. 



Dang dang ma patang. 

 SKung kung mu. 

 CKung kung no'ta. 

 <Kung kung pota. 

 <Kung kung thumta. 



Navi, caudle. 



Jotv'i, fire. 



Nata josra. 

 r Nata. Josta.* 



< Nat' pingta. 

 j. Jot' pingta. Dupta. 

 ^Yemta, general. 



[Umta, a corpse. 



Yemvi, 

 • Met'vi. 



wo, m. mi, f. mu, n. and 



wo mi mu. 



Me'ta. 



Met'pingt? 



Lonkha 



Yonklia 



Sishta. 



cho 

 cho 



mi 

 mi 



mu. 

 mu. 



* One great defect of this language (largely participated by the cognate tongues 

 and even by English) is rendered peculiarly observable in its adjectives, owing to 

 their being so very commonly the same with its participles. The defect is this, 

 that all sorts of verbs (neuter, reflex and transitive) and even the various forms of 

 the same verbal root, are confounded in the participles ; that is they take identical 

 forms as participles, though the senses be often very different. Thus Nache, kindle 

 thyself or be kindled, and nako, kindle it, and nato, kindle it for him, all alike 

 give navi and nata; and, as there is no separate form of the agent, navi is also 

 the kindler. Pains are taken by the multiplication of roots to keep the several 

 sorts of action distinct ; but the further distinctions of active, intransitive and 

 transitive action are lost in the participles by defects of structure in the language. 

 Thus sishta is self-killed and killed by another, and nata is self-kindled or kindled 

 by another, though natpingta, the causal, may be used to express the latter sense. 

 The defects of English aggravate those of Vayu. Thus a lamp that has been 

 lighted, while it burns, is a burning lamp or lighted lamp, though the last word 

 seems to infer what is past. In Vayu you can similarly say navi or nata tuphi, 

 though navi (trans.) be also the lighter, not the lighted. In English you cannot say 

 the lighting lamp for the lamp that is kindled and burning. In Vayu you cannot 

 wse the word burning which is appropriated to destruction by fire. 



