1857.] Vdyu Vocabulary. 4B3 



II. — Declension of Nouns. 

 Substantive. 

 1st. — Substantives proper. 

 Loncho, a man, m. 



N. 



Loncho. 



G. 



Loncho, conj.* Ldnch 



D. Ac. 



Loncho. 



L. 



Lonchobe. 



Ab. 



Lonchokhen. 



Ins. 



Lonchoha. 



Soc. 



L6nohonung. 



N. 



Loncho nakpo.f 



G. 



Loncho n;ik pum,J conj 



D. Ac. 



Loncho nakpo. 



Loc. 



Ldnchonak pube. 



Abl. 



Loncho nakpukhen. 



Ins. 



Loncko nakpuha. 



Soc. 



Loncho nakpu nung. 



N. 



Lonchokhata.f 



G. 



L6nchokhatam,J conj, 



D. Ac. 



Loncho khata. 



L. 



Loncho khabe. 



Abl. 



Loncho khata khen. 



Soc. 



Loncho khata nung. 



Dual. 

 Loncho nak pumu, disj. 



Plural. 

 Loncho khatamu, disj. 



Thus also is declined the feminine noun meseho, a woman, the epicene noun 

 singtong, mankind, and all such without reference to gender. Neuters also are 

 similarly declined. But I add a specimen. 



Sing, wood, a neuter. 

 N. Sing. 



G. Sing, conj. Siugmu, disj. &c. 



Dual. 

 N. Nang sing (nang is a contraction of Nayung) 



or 

 Sing nayun?. 

 G. Nang sing, conj. Nang singmu, disj. &c. 



* The first of 2 substantives is by position alone a genitive, as loncho got, the 

 man's hand. But apart, it must have the sign, as lonchomu, the man's. 



t Generally in the Himalayan languages, the dual and plural signs are eschewed 

 in regard to substantives proper except where ambiguity would arise from omitting 

 them. In regard to appellatives and qualitives used substantially, as all may be, 

 these signs are always annexed and also those of gender, because such words, (and 

 pronouns of the 3rd person also, to which the same rule applies) unlike the former 

 tell nothing of themselves on these points. Vayu, however, freely applies its dual 

 and plural signs and its sex signs, where it has any, to all nouns and pronouns, 

 though the structure of its verb renders such use of the dual and plural signs 

 superfluous, e. g. beli imchimem, the sheep are sleeping. Newari, though void of 

 such help, lacks a dual and plural of neuters. 



% We should rather read nakpu and khata for the reason given in a prior note. 

 Yet my informants, though they never apply the genitive to the conjunct form of 

 this case in the singular, do so in the dual and plural. 



