1857.] V&yu Vocabulary. 447 



Passive Subjunctive. 

 (If I be given). 

 1. Ha gno nam. "j ("1. Hasungphen. 



2. Ha nam. >• Present. 



3. Hato nam. 



fl. Hasungphen. 1 

 < 2. Ha phen. I Preterite. 



[3. Hato phen. J 



Like the precative, only substituting the subjunctive particles for the single 

 precative one. And the interrogative mood of the passive merely substitutes the 

 particle of interrogation or kiuaa, hagnoki ma, &c. 



Special forms. 



Active or passive, = agento objective. 



1st. — I to thee. 



Hanum. Give or gave to thee I only. ^ 



Hanochhem. Give or gave to you two I only. > Aoristic. 



Hanonem. Give or gave to you all 1 only. j 



2nd. — Thou to me. 



7Hagnom. Givest to me thou (or he). 



7Hagnochem. Give to me ye two (or they two) I Present tense. 



Hagnonera. Give to me ye all only. J 



7Hasungmi. Gavest to me thou. 



7Hasungchhem. Gave to me ye two. > Preterite.* 



Hasungnem. Gave to me ye all. J 



Thus are conjugated all transitives in "to" that have the root only precedent, 

 as Woto, to cleanse, Lato, to snatch away, Chito, to split, Jito, to tear, Photo, to 

 eradicate, Cheto, immingere, Rfto, to cause to rot or rot it, Lito, to cause to grow, 

 or grow it, &c. The verbs with a " p" before the sign, as lipto, to vomit, napto, 

 to compress, change the p into m in the plural imperative and in the second person 

 plural preterite, as namne, do ye all compress, and namnem, ye all compressed. 

 Those with a " k" before the sign, as thikto, to shut, khikto, to cause to sneeze, 

 change the k into ng, as thingne, do ye all shut, and thingnem, ye all shutted it. 

 No other precedent letter makes any change, save the sibilant to which we shall 

 next proceed as forming a different conjugation. Meanwhile conjugate as above 

 yangto, to decrease, bongto, to please, Mangto, to cause to forget or to forget 

 him, phimto, to depress, khamto, to summon, Mamto, to frighten, Thento, to 

 cause to win, Yemto, to burn, Umto, to burn corpse, W6nto, to win, to be able^ 

 Pelto, to wring or extract juice, Tamto, to cry out, Damto, to fill, &c. &c. 



7th conjugation of verbs in " t6" having a precedent sibilant (always palpably felt 

 in the reflex, sometimes not so in the transitive, wherein something like bn abrupt 

 tone, however, indicates in such cases its latent presence, or else a sound like 

 English th, or ph, as pha'to, muphto, hothto for phasto, musto and hosto. But 

 observe, there is no true tone as in the 8th and 11th conjugations (to'po and 

 pho'ko) and the real euphonic intercalary letter is the sibilant, s). 



* The forms preceded by the mark 7 are not special but are repeated here to 

 illustrate such as are special. Compare the whole with those of the Peruvian 

 language of America apud Markham, p. 397. There are slight differences indicating 

 diverse degrees of decomposition, but the resemblance in substance and principle 

 is wonderful. I commend it to those who so dogmatically tell us it is not legi- 

 timate philology to heed such coincidences. 



t This neuter sense of wonto is restricted to its use as a compound, and it is so 

 used only with transitives. With intransitives the reflex form of pha to be able 

 is employed : top wontum, he can beat : imphaschem, he can sleep. 



3 l 2 



