1857.] 



Vdyu Vocabulary.. 



453 



Present. 



Precative Mood. 

 Preterite. 



1. Sit' gno yu. 1. Sissung yu, "\ and so on, by dropping final m or 



2. Sit' yu. 2. Sin yu, > mi of the passive and substituting 



3. Sit' yu. 3. Sisto yu, j immutable precative particle yu. 

 The subjunctive mood resembles the above, taking only its own signs in lieu of 



yu, the precative sign. 



Present. 



1. Sit ping gnom. 



2. Sit pingmi. 



3. Sit pingmi. 



Preterite. 



1. Sit pingsungmi, 



2. Sit pingmi, 



3. Sit pingkum, 



and so all through all the pas- 

 sive forms of the verb pingko, 

 which see. 



According to the above paradigm of sisto, conjugate also pisto to bring,* 

 khisto to rub, khwasto, to feed, phasto, to enable (pha'to), chasto, to hit with 

 stone (cha'to), Mwasto (khwa'to), to tighten, dosto, to sustain for another, 

 (dophto) musto, to seat (muphto), testo, to set at liberty or cause to begin 

 {tethto), thesto, to kick (thetfAto), chusto, to finish it (chuphto), chisto, to 

 suspend, isto, to tell, risto, to rot it, josto (jopto), to kindle, chhisto, to relate 

 (chhi'to), wasto, to abandon, yosto, to approve, like, nasto, to wet (na'to), lusto 

 (luphto), to transplant, thos'to (thophto) to take out, tosto (tophto), to reconcile, 

 to unite ; lis'to, to teach and to return ; pes'to, to reap ; las'to (la^Ato), to take 

 for another, &c. &c. N. B. — The intercalary silibant varies to sh, ph and English 

 th. It is least obscure with the vowel i ; most so with the vowels a, u and 6. 



8th. — Conjugation of transitives in po, not having a nasal (n. ng. m) before it. 



The verb top', to strike (potius, to).f 

 Infinitive Mood. 



Aff. To'mung, 1 



tvt i\/r' i. » Vaoristic. 



Neg. Mang to mung, J 





Gerunds. 



Participles. 



Top'he, "^ 



Topnung, 



Toptopha, y ut supra. 



Topsinghe, j 



Topklien, J 



To'vi, -] 



Topta, 



Tuptang, 



Verbal nouns. 





Topchyang, 



Toplung, 



Topsing, J 



}»ut supra. 



Negatives of all by prefixed mang. 



Imperative. 

 Singular. Dual. 



To'po. Topchhe. 



Plural. 



Tomne. 



* Kh of khisto is a very peculiar sound verging upon a vague th, or hard h or 

 Sanscrit ksh : kh, is hard Arabic, without the least vagueness. 



f The root is properly to, equal to ta vel da of Chinese, Newari, Sontal and tha, 

 the same aspirated, of Kuswar. The dubious adherence of the transitive sign, or 

 p, is highly significant. 



3 }i 



