1857.] 



1. Topta nognom,* 



2. Topta nonum, 



3. Topta norai, 



D. 7 



P. 



S.7 



D. 



P. 



Top num, 

 Topnochhem, 

 Top nonem, 



Thou strik'st or wilt strike me. 

 Ye two strike or will strike me. 

 Ye all strike or will strike me. 

 Thou struckedst me. 

 Ye two struck me. 

 Ye all struck me. 



Aoristic. 



Present and 

 Future. 



Preterite 



Vayu Vocabulary. 457 



I &c. according to the model of sheer neuters (see 

 J Phi)- 



Special Forms. 



I. — I and thou. 



I (only) strike or will strike or struck thee. ~\ 

 I (only) strike or struck you two. 

 I (only) strike or struck you all. 



II.— Thou and 

 Top'mum. 

 Top' mochhem. 

 Top' monem. 

 Top sungmi. 

 Top sungchhem. 

 Top sungnem. 



The optative passive is precisely similar to the optative active. The negative 

 mood is formed, as before, by merely prefixing the particle of negation, or ma. 



Interrogative Mood. 



Preterite. 



Topsung ki ma. ") Dual and plural by dropping m 

 Tom ki ma. > or mi final and substituting the 



-}-To'po ki ma. j interrogative form. 



Subjunctive mood by substituting nam and phen for ki ma, according to tense. 



Potential Mood. 



Preterite. 



1. Top wonsungmi, 



2. Top wonmi, 



3. -J-Top wontum, 



Precative Mood. 

 Preterite. 



1. Top sung yu. 



2. Tom yu. 



3. -f. To'po yu. 



Causal Verb. 



Formed as before with the passive of pingko added to top'. Top pinggnom, 

 &c, Top pingsungmi, &c. Like the above paradigm of roots in 'po are conjugated 

 also, chi'po, to defecate, wo'po, to shoot, i'po, to raise (make get up) du'po, to 

 kindle, khi'po, to make rope, pi'po, to suck, po'po, to lick, yo'po, to take off, 

 chho'po, to sharpen, and all others having no consonant but an abrupt tone (stand- 

 ing for truncated p) before the transitive sign. 



9th. — Conjugation of transitives in po having a nasal (m. n. ng) before it. 



Present. 



1. To' mo ki ma. 



2. -f-Top ki ma. 



3. -j-Top ki ma. 



Present (or future). 



1. Top wongnom. 



2. Top wonmi. 



3. +Top wontum. 



Present. 



1. To'mo yu. 

 2+Top yu. 



3+Top yu. 



and so on, conjugating with 

 the passive of wonto like 

 the passive of hato. 



Dual and plural as in the 

 indicative, substituting yu 

 for the final m or mi. 



* See prior note at Sishto. Here we have for Vayu to'vi nognom and topta 

 noKiiom, = kbas kutnya hon and kutyako hon and dahma kha, daya'hma kha, 



Newari. 



