48 Carter on the Persian Gulf. £N"o. 1. 



with the formation of rock-salt, rock- gypsum, sulphur-pyrites, and 

 specular iron-ore, be studied with such ease, certainty and success, 

 as along the sub-rauges of mountains which extend from Mekran up 

 into Khourdistan. 



Of the formation composing the highland I can only infer, as the 

 scarps are said to present a white aspect, that it is capped by the 

 eocene limestone, which forms part of it when extended into Arabia 

 on one side and into Beloochistan and Sind on the other. 



Memorandum on Education in China drawn up from information 

 afforded by the Ex-Imperial Commissioner Yeh. — By C. Alabas- 

 ter, Esquire. 



Education in China is so much influenced by the direct as w T eli as 

 indirect patronage of the State as to be there rather a Government 

 than, as in most other countries, a public institution ; not only does 

 Government in great measure support it by the establishment of 

 free Schools at every official station in the Empire, but, by keeping 

 the Public Examinations in its own hands and by making these the 

 only means of gaining rank or position, it prescribes the nature and 

 extent of the knowledge chiefly acquired for their attainment. 



The theory on which it acts seems to be that of Confucius, the 

 wisdom of which the long stability of the Chinese Empire has tested, 

 that to make men good subjects you have only to make them wise, 

 to do which, it is only necessary to give them education ; and again, 

 that though a strong Government, keeping the people down by 

 severity, may prevent their rebelling, it is only a good one ruling them 

 by persuasion, that can prevent their desiring and seeking to do so. 



This theory, having been adopted, has been put in practice in 

 China for centuries, the measures taken for its efficient working 

 reflecting the highest credit on Chinese statesmen. 



First. — All official employment has, until very lately, when this 

 rule has been most unhappily deviated from, been the reward 

 of knowledge, representing as it does in Chinese minds, wisdom, 

 knowledge only to be acquired by following the course of study 

 prescribed by Government. 



