192 Notes and Queries suggested by a Visit to Orissa. [No. 3. 



slopes of the Himmalayas, and the banks of the Indus, as well 

 as his own brother as a Buddhist missionary to Ceylon; subse- 

 quently a close religious intercourse between Ceylon and Palibo- 

 thra, (Patna) was maintained by sea. We have in Pa Hiau's travels 

 (3rd century A. D.) an account of vessels sailing between Tamluk 

 to the North of Orissa and China, while Buddhist remains are found 

 on the Madras coast at the Kistna and Mahavellepuram. Want of 

 roads were no obstacle to Buddhist itinerants as the Rajtarangini 

 states of them. 



Bandvandm prabajyorjit tejasan. 



Orissa would form a central point for pilgrims travelling be- 

 tween Bahar, the fount of Indian Buddhism and Ceylon, pilgrims 

 landing from Ceylon at Jagannath would see Buddha's tooth there, 

 then proceed to Bhubaneswar the Buddhist Benares of that day, 

 thence to Vishnu pur a mighty place at that period, and so on to Paras- 

 nath, or they might have proceeded to Tamluk or Tamralipti* and have 

 gone up the Ganges. 



17. Orissa nationality. While in Bengal we have never had any 

 traces of independence and nationality, in Orissa it is different. 

 The Orissa rulers three centuries ago extended their sway as far 

 North as Tribeni on the Hughly, the Southern Prayag of the Hin- 

 dus, and as far South as the Godaveri, while the Orissa Raja op- 

 posed in battle the mighty Krishna Roy, king of Yijayanagar.f 

 The Orissa peasants are an honester and braver race than the Ben- 

 gali, happily for them they are not ground down by zemindars as 

 the Bengal peasants are under the permanent settlement, the ze- 



* Tamluk is described by Huian Thsang in the 7th century as a place where 

 great traffic was carried on by land and by water. In the 3rd century Fa Hian 

 found 1000 monks there and a tower erected by Asoka, while before the Christian 

 era, according to Klaproth, Dharmasokar, king of all Jambudpi, sent an Embas- 

 sy to Ceylon which embarked at Tamluk. 



f We have an analogous instance of the power of nations bordering on Bengal 

 in the case of tbe Asamese who in the days of Aurangjib destroyed the army sent 

 under Mir Jumla to conquer their country. The Tripura men have been noted 

 for their bravery and even the women rushed to the battle field and some of 

 them, as the Tripura MSS. show, like the Mahrattas led armies. 



