194 Notes and Queries suggested by a Visit to Orissa. [No. 3. 



observed by the same sect at Sautipore. It seems also to retain 

 some traces of the old Buddhistic system, thus the liath Jatra proces- 

 sion is said to have been derived from the Buddhist procession with 

 the birth of Jagannath, there is no procession like this connected with 

 other gods of Hinduism. The practice also peculiar to Jagannath 

 of all, excepting the lowest classes, eating together, seems a remnant 

 of that Buddhistic principle which had for its system of action 

 long before the French Revolution, " liberte, egalite, fraternite." 

 The architecture of the car of Jagannath is like that of certain 

 Buddhist religious buildings, the temple of Jagannath similar to 

 the Gay a temple corresponds in its architectural shape w T ith that 

 of the Buddhist temple at Patau in Nepal, the brahmans call the 

 temple of Maha Buddha or G-aya, Jagannath. The brahmans found 

 the easiest way to obliterate the remembrance of Buddhist idols 

 was to adopt them and give them brahminical names. 



20. Bhuhaneswar and its ruins. Next to Jagannath the place 

 of greatest interest in Orissa is the city of Bhubanesar, the ap- 

 proach to it is most striking. The traveller emerges all at once 

 from paddy-fields into the midst of a deserted city, another Pal- 

 myra, ruins of temples all around, but no worshippers, remind- 

 ing one strongly of the ruins of Toglokabad near Delhi or of 

 Sarnath the old site of Buddhist Benares. When Bhubanesar 

 with its 999 Siva temples was founded, Buddhism was waning 

 from Orissa and the Sivite system was gaining the ascendancy, not 

 merely owing to persecution but also to a reaction from the strict 

 and ascetic system of Buddhism, like what took place in England from 

 the prudery under Cromwell to the licentious days of Charles the 

 2nd. Buddhism itself was altering too, and after introducing a 

 system of hero-worship, its followers ended in the worship of female 

 deities, and finally many adopted a system half Sivite, half Buddhist. 

 What a contrast between the worship of the original Buddhists in 

 Orissa and the later period when they adopted the Tantrik system. 

 The existence of this system in Nepal among the Buddhists was 

 discovered with great difficulty by Hodgson, aud as it spread to 

 Thibet in the 11th century and was powerful in India according to 

 Ksoma de Koros in the 9th century, its origin was probably coeval 

 with the erection of the Sivite temples at Bhubanesar. 



