1859.] The Flooding of the Indus. 207 



Torbek was somewhat later than 2 p. M. on the day after that on which 

 the dam gave way, giving a velocity of about twenty-one and a half miles 

 per hour to Torbek, and of thirteen thence to Attok. But, however, 

 that may be, as I was at Attok on the 10th and at Kallabagh. on the 

 12fch, as I made enquiries on the way down, and at Maree, opposite 

 Kallabagh, found an European Patrol Officer who could speak with 

 certainty on the point, the rate I have given above may be ac- 

 cepted as an accurately observed one for the portion of the river I 

 have particularized. The highest velocity I have obtained in the 

 annual floods at Attok is thirteen miles per hour, and judging 

 from what I know of times of transit, I should estimate the highest 

 ordinary velocity between Attok and Kallabagh at eleven miles for 

 the whole way. With regard to the velocity on this occasion above 

 Attok I can only offer the following, — presuming the obstacle to have 

 taken place as on the former occasion in the vicinity of the Nubra 

 valley, we cannot assume the place at less than 9000 feet above the 

 sea-level, or say 8000 above the Indus at Attok. Taking the ex- 

 treme distance at six hundred miles we have a mean fall of 13^ feet 

 per mile to set against the 2\\ feet per mile from Attok to Kallabagh, 

 while we know that as far as Torbek the river runs in a compara- 

 tively confined rocky channel and at all times with considerable 

 velocity. It seems probable then that up to Torbek the velocity 

 with which the first flood water travelled, considerably exceeded 

 15 miles per hour, that from Torbek to Attok it did not attain 

 this velocity, but thab it did from Attok to Kallabagh, below which 

 place again it fanned out more leisurely, until 150 miles below 

 the effects were hardly to be discerned and the time of first 

 arrival cannot be ascertained. The flood water reached Attok at 6 

 a. M., and the rise was at its maximum about 1.30 p. m. ; the total 

 height attained above cold weather level was 80 feet, while the 

 earlier flood, I estimate from all the information and circumstantial 

 evidence which I have been able to procure, culminated at 12 

 feet higher. The annual flooding in July and August reaches about 

 50 feet ; in 1856 it was a little over that ; in 1851 it was almost 

 exactly 50 feet ; while in the other years I have observed it, 

 it has fallen a little short of that height ; so that this flood may be 

 taken at Attok to have been 30 feet over the ordinary flood 



