1859.] The Flooding of the Indus. 209 



Below Attok we find a comparative diminution of violence, though 

 between Neelab and Shadeepore where the river finds a passage 

 through the limestone range of the Neelabgosha the channel being 

 in general narrower, abounding too in sharp turns where dead walls 

 of rock oppose a bar to a free run, and throughout being closed in 

 by steep limestone cliffs, the height attained by the flood is in 

 parts even greater than that recorded at Attok. Leaving the 

 limestone for sandstone, the channel widens out and becomes less 

 abruptly tortuous, so that between Shadeepore and Mokkadd, the 

 maximum rise is much less than above ; still more is this the case 

 through the gravel hills which dip even less steeply into the 

 channel, and which have at foot been worn more to the requirements 

 of the river. 



Here the rise reached only 10 or 12 feet over the annual flood 

 mark. 



The hills of the salt range, through which the river runs just 

 above Kallabagh, did not cause such an additional rise as might have 

 been expected ; for the passage through is short and below all is 

 open. The height as measured at Mr. Mathew's house at Marree 

 gave only 8 feet above flood-level. The annual rise here which at 

 Attok is 50 feet reaches only 16 or 17 feet over cold weather 

 mark. Below Kallabagh the river fans out very remarkably, with 

 however a strong set upon the right bank. Here the rise was very 

 small indeed. The annual flooding at this part attains no great 

 height, and is principally striking by its vast expanse. Damage 

 resulted below Kallabagh, but not by submergence, it was the effect 

 of the set of the current alluded to. 



Farther down, the effects are marked not by inundation and de- 

 struction but by the after-result, a comparative subsidence which 

 covered all the islands and flats along the right bank of the river 

 with the spoils of the regions above. The extensive mud-banks 

 and reed-jungles in the vicinity of Esankheyl were particularly 

 rich in this deposit ; and between Kallabagh and this place we 

 were fortunate enough to recover 17 out of 20 of the large 

 boats (about 30 tons measurement) which had been carried away 

 from their moorings below Attok. A little below Esankheyl where 

 the Koorrum river falls into the Indus, we got the last of the 



2 Q 



