332 Notes on Kafiristan. [No. 4. 



PaDjkorah, and the Berahwol valley, situated between it and 

 Bajawar, contain numerous iron mines, which have been worked for 

 centuries past, and still continue to supply the surrounding 

 countries with that useful metal. The principal mines are in the 

 Las-pur mountains, and the Jandawal and Berahwol hills, all of 

 which are covered with dense forests, where fuel may be had for the 

 trouble of cutting and carrying away. There are also several mines 

 yielding, red, black, and white antimony. 



Wild Animals. 



The wild animals of Kafiristan, and the regions north-east and 

 east, are similar to those found in all the northern parts of Afghan- 

 istan, Kashmir, and Ladakh ; and which have been so fully described 

 by the Emperor Baber, in his interesting memoirs, and, likewise in 

 the works of Moorcroft and Trebeck, and by Vigne, as well as other 

 recent travellers who have written on the subject, as to render any 

 notice here, beyond the mere enumeration of their names, unneces- 

 sary. 



Lions, tigers and leopards, are said to infest the numerous ravines 

 and dense forests, but they appear to be neither so fierce nor so 

 large as those of central and southern India. In the more northern 

 parts, as might be supposed, bears, both the black and the light 

 dirty-brown species, are numerous, and make considerable and 

 constant depredations on the gardens, orchards and vineyards. 

 There are numbers of hyenas and wolves, which latter assembling in 

 packs, at times commit great ravages amongst the flocks, together 

 with jackals, foxes, and other smaller vermin. 



In some of the warmer parts of Kafiristan, in the densely wooded 

 districts, monkeys of the largest size are found, but are not very 

 numerous; also several varieties of the deer, the antelope, the elk, 

 the ibex, the kuchur or wild-sheep (ovis argali), the mar-khur, or 

 snake-eater, etc. The musk-deer, called sarjzcfh and sijzcbh by the 

 Afghans, is found in Chitral and Upper Kashkar, and in the hills 

 bounding Kafiristan on the east. The Kafirs of the Kampar and 

 Kamiiz tribes employ a good deal of their time in hunting them 

 for the sake of their musk, which is an article of barter. The wild 

 ho<' is also found in some of the valleys towards the south. 



