18(5 Grammar of the Thadou or new Kookie language. [No. 3. 



When the root ends in p, an m is introduced before the " in," in 

 the first form of the imperative, as 



Shipmin or shiptan, throw. Chepmin or cheptan, smoke. 

 Shutbpmin or shiitoptan, dip. Kupmin or kuptan, weep. 

 The pronoun na, thou, is almost invariably prefixed to the impera- 

 tive, although it may be used without it. The imperative is only 

 used in the 2nd person. 



The present teuse is formed from the root, by affixing an e — ■ 

 under the same provisions, as the formation of the first form of 

 imperative, thus — 



Kei kahiinge, I come. Kei katunge, I arrive. 



Kin kalajje, I dig. Kin kathouve, I awake. 



Kin kashipme, I throw. Kei kakupme, I weep. 



The past tense, for which however the present is frequently used, 

 is formed from the root by adding ta or tai, as — 



Kei katiing tai, I arrived. Kin kapun tai, I began. 



Kin kalai tai, I digged. Kin kaship tai, I threw. 



Another form of the past or present tense, for it is used as both, 

 is obtained by subjoining nai to the root, as — 

 Kin kane nai, I eat. Kei katou nai, I sit or sat. 



Kei kading nai, I stand or stood. Kei kacho nai, I sell or sold. 



A more distinct past tense is made by means of the verb Jouvin 

 accomplish, used as an auxiliary, thus — 



Kin kanejoutai, I eat. Kin kachep joutai, I smoked. 



the past tense of the auxiliary being subjoined to the root of the 

 verb. 



The past and present tenses of whatever form are subject to no 

 modification in person or in number, as — 



Kin kane, I eat. Keihon kane, we eat. 



Nungin nane, thou eatest. Nunghon nane, ye eat. 



Hipan ane, He eats. Hihon ane, they eat. 



The future tense is formed from either forms of the imperative, 

 by subjoining ge for the first person of both numbers. The final n 

 of the imperative and the g, being pronounced as the ng in singing, 

 thus — ■ 



From Hungin or hungtan, come, Hunginge or hungtange. 

 From Veu or vetan, see, Venge or vetange. 



