1856.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 469 



as the passage round the huge snowy mass of Gosainthan is deno- 

 minated by them the Kerung, or western Ghat. But Kuti and 

 Kerung are names of towns, the one situated considerably within, 

 and the other considerably beyond, the respective ghats ; and, 

 moreover, the word ghat is never used by the highlander (Parbat- 

 tias) of Nepal for a snow-pass. Their word is langur, and the 

 especial langur in question is named Bhairava langur or the pass of 

 Bhairava, just as the mass above it is called Bhairavathan, or abode 

 of Bhairava, Bhairava being the terrific form of the god Siva. 

 Every merchant and statesman at Kathmandu talks familiarly of 

 the Bhairava langur, owing to its formidable character, its obstruc- 

 tiveness (it bars the road to the north for half the year,) and its 

 strange contrast with that very extensive and very level tract of 

 country in Tibet, called the Tingri Maidan, on which the Bhairav 

 langur immeditafcely opens. And this marked character of the ghat, 

 added to the unmarked character of the peak above it, may be one 

 reason why the two are often confounded under the same appel- 

 lation. But Deo-dhunga and Bhairavathan are nevertheless suffi- 

 ciently familiar, and correct names for this peak, or snowy mass 

 rather; and it were indeed a sfcrauge circumstance if so remarkable 

 a natural object had escaped the notice of the people of the country 

 and thus remained unnamed. Nor would it have been very credi- 

 table to me after 20 years' residence in Nepal, had I been unable 

 to identify that object. The two papers herewith submitted, toge- 

 ther with those formerly submitted to the Society* or to Govern- 

 ment, will I trust show that I have given as much attention to the 



* 1. Military road throughout the centre of Nepal from Kamaonto Sikim. To 

 Government. 



2. Route from Kathmundu to Tazedo on Chinese frontier, to Society, and pub- 

 lished in its Researches. 



3. Route from Kathmundu to Darjeeling. To Society and published in its 

 Journal. 



4. Physical Geography of Himalaya, to Society and published in its Journal. 



5. Visit to Nagakote with notice of the rivers flowing into it, printed in the 

 Journal. 



6. Various routes through Nepal from and to places specified. Sent to Gov- 

 ernment and deposited iu its archives. 



7 and 8. Two Journals of embassies from Nepal to China, now seut. 



