478 Route of two Nepalese Embassies to Pekin. [No. 6. 



To these distributions I subjoin, though it be a repetition, the 

 excellent concluding remarks of the Chountra's paper : 



" Thus there are 104 langiirs (or mountaiu passes) between Kath- 

 mandu and Pekin, and of these 102 occur in the non-carriageable part 

 of the way, or the first 897 kos ; and the last 2 langiirs only, in the re- 

 maining 353 kos, or the carriageable part. The last named part of 

 the way may be said to be wholly through plains, for, of the two hills 

 occurring, only one is at all noticeable, and both are traversed in 

 carriages. From Kathmandu to the boundary bridge beyond Ta- 

 chindo (China frontier) is 665 kos, and thence to Cinchi Shan is 20 

 kos. Throughout these 685 kos from Kathmandu mountains covered 

 (perpetually ?) with snow occur. In the remaining 565 kos, no 

 snowy mountains occur." 



In the way of provincial boundaries we have the following. From 

 Gnaksa, the 37th stage of the Kaji's paper, to Sangwa, the 51st stage 

 of the same paper, is the province of IT, which contains the metropolis 

 of Tibet or Lhasa. At Sangwa, or, in full, Kwombo gyamda Sangwa, 

 commences the Tibetan province of Kham, which extends to Tachindo 

 or Tazhi-deu which is the common frontier of China and Tibet. It 

 occurs at the 104th stage of the Kaji's paper. The native name of Tibet 

 is Pot vel Bod. The Sanskrit name is Bhot. This is Tibet proper or 

 the country between the Himalaya and the Nyenchhen-thangla, which 

 latter name means (and the meaning is worth quoting for its signi- 

 ficance) pass of (to and from) the plains of the great Nyen or Ovis 

 Ammon, or rather, great Ammon pass of the plains. That portion 

 of Tibet which lies north of the Nyenchhen-thangla (as far as the 

 Kwanleun) is denominated by the Tibetans — the western half, 

 Hdryeul, and the eastern half, Sdkyeul, after the Hdr and Sok tribes 

 respectively. The great lake Naintso demarks Northern Tibet in 

 the same way that the great lake Yamdotao denotes Southern. 



A word more about the Bhairav langiir which is equivalent to 

 Mount Everest as recently explained to the Society. The Choun- 

 tra's paper makes it 50 kos from Kathmandu ; the Kaji's, 52| kos. 

 But to obtain the latter result, you must not blindly follow the 

 entry in the itinerary but remember that this " huge snow mass"* 



* This great mass is visible alike from the confines of Nepal proper (the valley) 

 and from those of Sikim and all the more unmistakeably because it has no compe- 



