1852.] On the Sites of Nikaia and Boukephalon. 241 



power of the forces prepared to defend them. It seems however ma- 

 nifest from Arrian's* account that he invariably completed the con- 

 quest of the greater part of the Doaba invaded, ere he crossed the 

 river into another Doaba. This was sound policy. But this circum- 

 stance renders it extremely difficult, in the probable change of the 

 few names of towns mentioned by his historians, to trace his course 

 to the river at which it terminated. 



Curtius's descriptionf of the beautiful Jetch Doaba is most graphic 

 and most faithful, and may encourage us to trust his account of the 

 tribes with whom Alexander came in contact. The rhinoceros, indeed, 

 has long since vanished with the forests which sheltered him, but I 

 disinterred, at Russool on the Hydaspes, the bones of the wild elephant 

 in considerable number. 



Arrian, after mentioning that Alexander in pursuit of Porus 2nd 

 came to and crossed the river Hyphasis, and found it as broad as the 

 Akesines, but with a far slower current ; (an argument for his having 

 crossed the Akesines near the mountains, and the Hyphasis far from 

 them, the Chenab being at equal distances nearly double the size of 

 the Ravi,) says, that Alexander passed through all the country border- 



* npoxbipovvrt Se aurq> eireiceiva rrjs oxQi)s tov 'Ydpa&Tov robs fxev troXKobs Had' 

 dfxoKoyiav Trpo(rx<ope7i> ^wefSaivev v. 21 — and again, after destroying Sangala. T^jv 

 X&pa.v Se, TOiV 'Ivduv rols iraXai fj.ev avrovofiois, r6re be eKovaius izpoax^p^o-^*- 

 npoaedrjKe' Kal Ylwpov fiev £vv ry bvvd^xei rr) a/xcp' avrbv eKirefiirei eVt ras ir6\eis cd 

 irpo<rK6XwpriKe(rav (ppovpas elad^oura els avras' avrbs Se £bv rfj arparia eid rbv 

 "Tipamv irora/xbu Trpoi>x<*>p*i> &s K0 & tovs eireaeiva 'ivbobs Karaarpe^/aiTo. Arrian, 

 lib. v. cap. 24. 



f Multa materia navalis in proximis montibus erat, quara csedere aggressi 

 magnitudinis inusitatse reperere serpentes. Rhinocerotes quoque, rarum alibi animal, 

 in iisdem montibus erant. Cseterum hoc nomen belluis eis inditum a Grsecis : 

 sermonis ejus ignari aliud lingua sua usurpant. &c. Silvse erant prope in immeii- 

 sum spatium diffusa?, procerisque et in eximiam altitudinem editis arboribus 

 umbrosse. Plerique rami instar ingentium stipitum flexi in humum, rursus, qua 

 se curvaverant, erigebantur adeo, ut species esset non rami resurgentis, sed arboris 

 ex sua radice generatse. Cceli temperies salubris : quippe et vim solis umbra? levant, 

 et aquae largse manant e fontibus. Cseterum hie quoque serpentium magna vis 

 erat, squamis fulgorem auri reddentibus. Virus haud ullum magis noxium est : 

 quippe morsum prsesens mors sequebatur, donee ab incolis remedium oblatum 

 est. Q, Curtius, lib. ix. cap. 1. 



