244 On the Sites of Nikaia and Boukephalon. [No. 3. 



gems depended from his ears. In his band was a golden sceptre studded 

 with beryls, more probably turquoises. What a complete picture is 

 this of a Punjaubi prince of the present day, unaltered by the lapse 

 of twenty-two centuries. But, alas, in what country of the wide 

 world, barbarous or civilized, shall we find the race that will not 

 prostitute their daughters at the accursed shrines of ambition and of 

 mammon 1 In this country Alexander found dogs, four of which 

 would attack a tiger. Dogs so staunch, that when once they had 

 seized the quarry, they would suffer themselves to be cut piecemeal 

 rather than relinquish their hold ! 



From this region he came to the Hyphasis and found Phegelas, king 

 of the people there, who received him with tribute. Halting there 

 two days, he then prepared to cross the Hyphasis ; difficult of passage 

 not only from its breadth, but on account of rocks in the channel. 



King Phegelas and Porus both assured Alexander that on crossing 

 the Hyphasis he had eleven days' march through vast deserts, which 

 would bring him to the Ganges, the largest of Indian rivers. That 

 the farther bank was occupied by the Gangaridse and Pharrasii, 

 whose king Aggrammen obstructed the advance, with 20,000 horse, 

 200,000* foot, 2,000 chariots and 3,000 elephants. The said Ag- 

 grammen being a handsome barber, who, having won the affections of 

 the queen, had murdered the king and the royal children and had 

 usurped the government. Doubting whether his army would follow 

 him upon such an enterprize, Alexander called a council and found 

 them resolute to proceed no further. This is the account of Curtius. 



Arrian mentions no particulars of Alexander's progress from Sangala 

 to the Hyphasis.f He says that the Mulliks beyond the Hyphasis 

 were wealthy, that they tilled the soil, yet were soldiers and just 

 statesmen, and had more and braver elephants than other inhabitants 



* Curtius says, " ducentisque peditum," but there can be no doubt that he 

 meant " ducentis millibus." 



•f* Ta Se St? irkpav rod 'Tcpdaios evdat/xoud T€ ri]v x < *>P av ^vai i^yyeWero, Kal 

 avOpwirovs ayaQovs pikv yris ipydras, yevvaiovs Se ra iroXifxia, Kal els ra tSia Se o~(pwu 

 4v K6(Tfxcp irohirevopras. Upbs yap rciu apicrroov &px*cr8ai robs ttoWous, robs Se 

 ouSei> e£a> rod eVtetKoi/s i^ye7a6ai' irXrjBos re ihetpdvrwv eivai ro?s ravrrj avOpcbtrotS, 

 iro\v ri virep robs &\Xovs 'I^Soi/y, Kal /xeyedei /xeyicrrovs re Kal avZpeia. Tavra 

 8' i^ayyeWo/xeva 'AAei^avdpov fxev irap^vvev es ewiOvfilav rod np6a(a Uvai avr6v' 

 ol Se MaKeddves QeKa\xvov ySy ra?s yvw/xais, &c. Arrian, v. 25. 



