1852.] On the Sites of Nikaia and Boukephalon. 245 



of India. In the protected Sikh States (as they were called) the same 

 may yet be found. Arrian is silent about the rocks of the Hyphasis. 

 He says that Alexander prepared to cross the Hyphasis, but that 

 the Macedonians, disheartened with toil and peril, refused to follow 

 him. 



Now from the foregoing account the following queries naturally 

 suggest themselves : — 



1st. Who were this warlike tribe of Kathaioi, who had such abun- 

 dance of waggons, and used them, as tented tribes might, for ram- 

 parts ? 



2nd. Who were the Sophtis, in juxta-position, whose king wore 

 robes descending to the feet, and whose country produced tiger- 

 hounds. Who were the 'ASpdiaral at Pimprama on the Hydraotes ? 



3rd. Who were the Phegelas ? living on the right bank of the 

 Hyphasis according to Curtius, and the Prsesii living beyond the 

 river, according to Plutarch ?* 



4th. Is the Hyphasis the Beyass or the Sootlej ? If the Sootlej : 

 then which is the Hysudrus ? 



5th. How could Alexander have found rocks in either 1 



6th. How can we reconcile the distance noted by Curtius as inter- 

 vening between the Hyphasis and Ganges, of eleven marches of desert, 

 with the actual space of twenty marches or two hundred and twenty 

 miles to Hurdwar, or twenty-three marches to Delhi on the Jumna? 



7th. Who was king Aggrammen, and where was his capital ? 



8th. How was Alexander to reach the Ganges until he had crossed 

 the Jumna ? 



9th. The Gangaridse are no doubt the people of the Ganges ; but 

 who are the Pharrasii beyond the Ganges 1 



Upon all these heads I can offer little more than conjecture ; nor 

 does it seem to me probable that the greater number will ever be 

 satisfactorily solved. 



Who were the Kathaioi 1 There is a people chiefly inhabiting the 

 Punjaub, which differs in some respects from every other people of 

 Asia. I speak of the Kuttris. In the provinces south of the Sootlej, 

 the name Khethri or Kshethri appertains to the Rajpootre tribe in all 



* I have only Langhorne's translation to refer to. 



2 i 2 



