1852.] On the Sites of Nikaia and Boukephalon. 259 



There is indeed no indication in this traveller's account of any city in 

 the neighbourhood. Nor do the Buddhist priests seem to have 

 affected the immediate neighbourhood of cities for the erection of their 

 monasteries aud topes. But let us see what the same Chinese traveller 

 says of Taxila. Starting from the Atuk ferry, called by him, On to 

 kiahantchha, and identified beyond question, by the presence within 

 three miles of the city Pholotoulo, (i. e. Mullyetoolla, the present 

 Atuk), he says " Passant an midi le Sind qui est large de 3 ou 4 li et 

 coule au Sud oest on vient a Tantcha chilo (lemite de 1' Inde du Nord) 

 dependant du Cachemire," and again "On passe le Sind au Nord de 

 ce pays." Now although the distance from Atuk to Tantcha chilo 

 (Tarchailia) is not mentioned by the Journal, yet it appears to have 

 been the first considerable place on that route which answers exactly 

 to Ilussun Ubdal, but not to Turrukpurri, and no one will presume 

 to say that the river Sind is passed north of Turrukpurri, whereas 

 this is exactly the fact with regard to Hussun Ubdal. Professor 

 Wilson has not done justice to Mountstuart Elphinstone's research. 

 Had there been ruins of a city at Manikyala he would assuredly have 

 found them. The travellers who have since his mission passed through 

 and dwelt in Afghanistan have added little to the researches of this 

 accomplished historian, who was prevented by circumstances from 

 entering the country he has described so faithfully. The " chilo" ot 

 the French translation was probably intended to be read Khilo, for we 

 see in the name of the capital of Gundhara (Kiantolo) that he has 

 for Pekawur* (the Peukelaotis of the Greeks) Pou lou cha poulo, iden- 

 tified by bordering the Indus, and having Chang moukia Phousa, 

 (Chummukia, a considerable town) in its neighborhood. 



Professor Wilson's argument seems to regard the sites of Manikyala 

 and Tukhtpurri as one. But there is no visible connection between 

 them, whilst an interval of five miles separates them. Tukhtpurri 

 has not a tope nor a mound nor any other trace of Boodhism in its 

 immediate vicinity. It is a modern looking village, in a wretched 

 ravine-worn arid country, considerably off the highroad. 



Let us now consider the site of Hussun Ubdal, known to the 



* Pekawur. Peshawur is so called by the Pathans, and this is manifestly the 

 name it bore in Alexander's time. Pekawur may be a contraction of Pookhtoo wur, 

 the gute or entrance to the speakers of Pooktoo, or Pushtoo. 



2 L 



