Ripley Island Area of Southern Indiana. 339 



ent upon post-Meso-Devonic folding. His sections from Bryan 

 to Sandusky,* and from Bryan to Bucyrus show this clearly, 

 and similar sections collated from his notes on the well records 

 of more southern areas indicate to what a large extent the 

 geanticline owes its importance to post-Meso-Devonic folding. 

 The strong eastward dip of the neo-Devonic black shales and 

 of the Waverly indicate that a great part of this folding was 

 probably of post-Mississippian age. Similar facts are observed 

 also along the Ohio river, west of the crest of the geanticline, near 

 Louisville,! where it is evident that the rapid westward dips 

 affecting the neo-Devonic black shale and the Mississippian strata 

 are largely instrumental in giving prominence to the geanticline. 

 Similar facts are observed also in Kentucky and Tennessee. 

 The elevation of the Cincinnati geanticline was therefore a 

 process, probably more or less interrupted, but continuing 

 through long geological ages, the greater part of the develop- 

 ment of this fold having taken place in post-Devonian, and 

 probably in post-Mississippian times. 



Approximate relationship) of Clinton and Osgood Faunas of 

 Indiana to the lower Niagaran Faunas of New York. 



The Osgood bed introduces the typical Niagaran fauna. Here 

 are found the first species of Gomphocystites, Holocystites, 

 Stephanoorinus, Pisocrinus. and lecanocrinus • here are 

 found the first specimens of Pentamerus oblongus, Rhyncho- 

 treta cmieata americana, typical Camarotoechia neglecta, 0. 

 indianensis, Atrypa reticularis* Spirifer radiatus, Sp. eudora, 

 Sp. niagarensis, Oyrtea exporrecta, C. myrtea, JVucleospira 

 pisiformis, Whitfieldella cylindrica, Atrypa calvani, Ortho- 

 oeras amyous, 0. medullare, and Dalmanites limulurus. 



The Clinton of Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky contains a 

 fauna so different from that of New York and other eastern 

 localities that the existence of some sort of a barrier between 

 these two areas has been suggested. The attempt formerly to 

 identify western Clinton species by means of the plates in the 

 second volume on the paleontology of New York has resulted 

 in various errors not yet corrected. It is certain that the 

 species identified as Strophonella patenta from the Clinton of 

 Ohio is distinct from the type species described from New 

 York and the name Strophonella daytonensis is here suggested 

 for the same. The identification of Phacops trisulcatits rests 

 upon very unsatisfactory grounds. Such names as Cormdites 

 distans, Orthoceras clavatum, 0. virgidatum, Comdaria 

 niagarensis, and Murchisonia subulata, can have little value 



* Ohio Geol. Surv., vi, 1888, pp. 48, 134, 183, 305. Am. Geol. 1891, pp. 

 105-108. 



f Indiana Geol. Surv., 25th Rept., map, p. 349; Silver Creek Hydraulic 

 limestone, by C. E. Siebenthal ; also 26th Rept., 1903, maps, pp. 235, 261 ; 

 Geological section across southern Indiana, by J. F. Newsom. 



