R. S. Lull — Restoration of Paleolithic Man. 171 



Art. XI. — Restoration of Paleolithic Man; by Richard 

 Swann Lull. (With Plate I.) 



[Contribution from the Paleontological Laboratory, Peabody Museum, 

 , Yale University.] 



An attempt has recently been made by the writer to restore 

 in plastic form the type of mankind dwelling in Europe dur- 

 ing a portion of the Paleolithic period and variously known to 

 science under the names of Homo primigenius, neanderthalensis 

 or monster iensis. The restoration, which is life size, is a tenta- 

 tive one and will be kept in the clay for a time in order that 

 authoritative criticism may be met before it is cast in plaster 

 (cf . Plate I). 



The model is based mainly upon what is known as the " Man 

 of Spy No. 1 " ; one of the two specimens found at Spy in 

 Belgium, of which the museum contains excellent plaster casts. 

 The illustrations of the remains of man found at Krapina in 

 Croatia and described by Professor Gorjanovic-Kramberger in 

 his "Der Diluviale Mensch von Krapina in Kroatien " 1906, 

 were largely used, together with certain other measurements, 

 such as the estimate for total height, etc. For the use of the 

 casts and the assembling of data, together with kindly criti- 

 cism, I am indebted to Dr. George Grant MaeCurdy, Curator 

 of Anthropology in this museum, while to Professor Joseph 

 Parrell, who has taken a very lively interest in the work, I 

 wish also to acknowledge my gratitude. 



My conception of Homo primigenius is that of a man of 

 low stature, standing only five feet three inches in height, but 

 of great physical prowess as indicated by the robustness of the 

 limb-bones and especially of their articular ends. The great 

 paunch of the higher anthropoid apes, which are almost exclu- 

 sively vegetarians, is lacking and in its place is shown the 

 clean-cut, athletic form of torso such as one sees in the typical 

 North American Indians, for- 1 imagine food conditions were 

 much the same. We have abundant evidence that Paleolithic 

 man was a crafty hunter, for the remains of various animals 

 which he slew for food are found in the bone breccias of the 

 caverns wherein his own relics are entombed. Great power is 

 indicated, however, in the upper portion of the trunk and in 

 the arms, compensating this ancient type for his lack of ade- 

 quate tools and weapons. 



The knees are somewhat flexed as the curved thigh bone 

 would indicate, and probably should be more so, and the trunk 

 is only partially erect, for the inward curves of the back bone, 

 so characteristic of modern man, are but feebly developed, as 

 in the case of babes of the present day or in individuals bowed 

 down by the weight of years. The shin is relatively short, as 

 with certain present-day races, and the great toe somewhat off- 

 set though having long since lost its ape-like opposability. 



