172 R. S. Lull — Restoration of Paleolithic Man. 



The head shows the prominent supra-orbital ridges above 

 the deep-set eyes ; the low, flat forehead ; the broad, concave, 

 nasal bridge and the somewhat prognathous jaws. The lower 

 jaw is deep and powerful, and lacks the characteristic chin 

 prominence of modern man. Other restorations give a greater 

 prognathism than mine, and it may be that here I am in error 

 in showing too great a refinement of countenance as compared 

 with the low type of calvarium. The contour of the jaw is 

 based upon actual measurement of one of the Krapina speci- 

 mens and one should bear in mind that the far older jaw 

 recently brought to light at Heidelberg, thongh of a more 

 brutal type than any yet known, shows less dental prognathism 

 than do the modern negroes, indicating a very great antiquity 

 for the radiative evolution of the several human stocks. 



In all probability the men of that day were much more 

 hairy than the model would indicate, as they had little or no 

 clothing and the climate, during part of their racial career at 

 least, was severe. They were, however, cave dwellers and 

 knew the use of fire. I have purposely refrained from indi- 

 cating this conjectural character, as it would, to a certain extent, 

 conceal the conformation of the underlying parts. 



A jaw of the cave bear, Ursus spelceus, a contemporary 

 animal, though now long since extinct, is borne in the left 

 hand, while the right contains a chipped stone implement from 

 one of the typical stations, thus indicating the cultural plane 

 of the race. 



This type dwelt in Europe before the last glacial period, 

 estimated at from 100,000 to 200,000 years ago, and continued 

 for a long period of time, for his remains are found entombed 

 successively with both cold and warm climate animals. The 

 relics are found within or near rock shelters and caves, the 

 best known of which are those of Neanderthal, Germany ; 

 Spy, Belgium ; Krapina, Croatia ; Le Moustier and La Cha- 

 pelle-aux-Saints in France. As a race Homo primigenius is 

 to-day entirely extinct, though whether he was blotted out or 

 absorbed by the invading horde of the superior Homo sapiens 

 we have no certain knowledge. Occasionally, however, some- 

 thing of his type appears in modern man, notably in St. 

 Mausberg, a medieval Bishop of Toul, and in Lykke, a scien- 

 tific Dane of the eighteenth century, as well as among Austra- 

 lians and Melanesians, the lowest living races of mankind. 

 These may be looked upon as instances of atavistic reversion. 



The " Man of Spy," while showing more pithecoid charac- 

 ters than his successor, was nevertheless eminently human, 

 representing as he does the type just preceding modern man, 

 and one far removed from a true ape-like ancestry. In the 

 popular conception " Prehistoric man " should be gorilloid, or 

 at any rate distinctly simian ; against this misconception the 

 model stands as a silent protest. 





