E. W. Berry — Pleistocene Flora of Alabama. 393 



nuts from locality No. 4. The latter are identical with the 

 more globular nuts of the recent tree resembling somewhat in 

 appearance the nuts of Hicoria minima but with much thicker 

 shells. 



Populus deltoides Marsh. 



In the existing flora this species ranges from Canada and 

 New England westward to Colorado and southward to Florida 

 and Texas. In Alabama and throughout the Coastal Plain it 

 is most frequent in the bottoms and alluvial river swamps. 



The genus extends back to the late Lower Cretaceous and a 

 large number of extinct species have been described. The 

 present species has not heretofore been found fossil, but both 

 Populus balsamifera Linne and grandidentata Michx. are 

 present in the Canadian inter-glacial deposits and Hollick has 

 recorded three species from the Pleistocene of Maryland. 

 From the European Pleistocene the following still existing 

 species are known : Populus alba Linne, canescens Sm., nigra 

 Linne, and tremula Linne. 



The present record is based on the characteristic leaves 

 which are abundant at locality No. 3 and less common at 

 localities No. 4 and No. 6. 



Betula nigra Linne. 



Knowlton, Amer. Geol., vol. xviiim, p. 371, 1896. 



Berry, Journ. Geol., vol. xv, p. 341, 1907. Amer. Nat., vol. xli, p. 692, 

 pi. 2, figs. 2-4, 1907. Ibid., vol', xliii, p. 435, 1909. 



This species is common along streams and in bottoms with 

 an existing range from Canada to Florida and Texas, and is 

 common throughout Alabama. It was a common species in 

 the Pleistocene, at least it was frequently preserved, and has 

 been recorded by the writer from several localities in North 

 Carolina and Virginia as well as from near Abercrombe Land- 

 ing on the Chattahoochee River in Alabama. Knowlton has 

 described it from the Pleistocene river terraces near Morgan- 

 town, West Virginia. 



The present record is based on leaves from localities No. 1, 

 3, 4, and 5, they being especially abundant in the peat at 

 locality No. 4. 



Fagus america^a Sweet. 



Hollick, Md. Geol. Surv., Pli. and Pleist., p. 226, 1906. 



Berry, Torreya, vol. vi, p. 88, 1906. Journ. Geol., vol. xv, p. 341, 1907. 

 Amer. Nat,, vol. xli, p. 692, pi. 2, fig. 7, 1907. Ibid., vol. xliii, p. 435, 

 1909. 



Fagus ferruginea Michx., Lesq., this Journal, vol. xxvii, p. 363, 1859. 

 Geol. Tenn., p. 427, pi. 7 (K), fig. 11, 1869. 



Fagus ferruginea Ait., Knowlton, Amer. Geol., vol. xviii, p. 371, 1896. 

 Mercer, Journ. Phila. Acad. (11), vol. ii, pp. 277, 281, fig. 8 (15), 1899. 



