394 E. W. Berry — Pleistocene Flora of Alabama. 



This common mesophile forest tree of the Alleghenian, 

 Carolinian, and Lonisianian zones which is common through- 

 out Alabama is of frequent occurrence in the Pleistocene from 

 Maryland southward and it has been recorded from a large 

 number of localities, the buried swamp deposits usually furnish- 

 ing remains of nuts or burrs, while the leaves are generally 

 confined to the clays. 



This species was recorded from near Abercrombe Landing 

 in 1907 and additional occurrences are locality No, 4 (leaves, 

 nuts, and burrs) and locality No. 7 (leaves). 



Quercus phellos Linne. 



Berry, Journ. Geol., vol. xv, p. 342, 1907. Amer. Nat., vol. xli, p. 694, 

 pi. 1, fig. 1, 1907. 



This common mesophile tree of the Carolinian and Lonisi- 

 anian zones ranges from New York to Florida and Texas. It 

 is common in northern Alabama, but becomes rare south of the 

 central part of the state. It is a common fossil in the North 

 Carolina Pleistocene and at Abercrombe Landing on the 

 Chattahoochee Biver in Alabama. 



The present occurrences are at locality No. 2 (leaves) and 

 locality No. 4 (leaves, cupules and acorns). 



Quercus nigra Linne. 



Berry, Journ. Geol., vol. xv, p. 342, 1907. Amer. Nat., vol. xli, p. 693, 

 pi. 1, figs. 3, 4, 1907. 



In the existing flora this is a widespread species of the 

 Carolinian and Louisianian zones extending northward to 

 Delaware, Tennessee, and Missouri and common all over Ala- 

 bama in low rich woods and swamps. As a fossil it has been 

 recorded from the Pleistocene of North Carolina and eastern 

 Alabama. 



The present records are locality No. 1 (leaves), locality No. 

 4 (leaves and acorns, common) and locality No. 7 (leaves). 

 One specimen from locality No. 4, while too imperfect for 

 certainty, suggests its reference to Quercus virginia?ia Mill., 

 a species previously recorded by the writer from Abercrombe 

 Landing on the Chattahoochee Piver in Alabama. 



Quercus primus Linne. 



Berry, Journ. Geol., vol. xv, p. 342, 1907. Amer. Nat., vol. xli, p. 693, 

 pi. 1, fig. 2, 1907. 



This is an upland tree of the Alleghanian and Carolinian 



zones, of rare occurrence in the southern Coastal Plain,* and 



*This species lias not been found in the Coastal Plain of Alabama, 

 although Hilgard reported it years ago from Tippah County, Mississippi. 

 In Georgia, according to E. M. Harper, it does not even approach the Fall- 

 line, while in North Carolina it is confined to the Piedmont and mountains, 

 according to Pichot and Ashe. Farther northward, however, it is found in 

 the Coastal Plain from Long Island to Virginia, occurring in this province 

 of New Jersey outside of the pine barrens and common on the upper eastern 

 shore of Maryland and in Delaware. 



