E. W. Berry— Pleistocene Flora of Alabama. 395 



since it is easy to confuse the leaves of this species with those 

 of Quercus michaiixii, a common tree of Coastal Plain bot- 

 toms, doubt has been expressed regarding the identifications 

 cited above. However, it is believed that the fruit of Quercus 

 prinus is sufficiently distinct for certainty, and when it is 

 remembered that at some time during the Pleistocene practi- 

 cally the whole Coastal Plain was submerged by the sea and 

 that there was a massing of species in the emerged portion of 

 the southern Piedmont area, which served as a center of radia- 

 tion for inter- and post-glacial dispersion,* the propriety of 

 finding the species in the Pleistocene sediments is unquestion- 

 able. 



The present record is based upon an acorn and leaf frag- 

 ment from locality ]NTo. 4. 



Carpixtcs cakoliniaxa Walt. 



Berrv, Journ. Geol., vol. xv, p. 340, 1907. Amer. Nat., vol. xli, p. 692, 

 pi. 1, figs. 8, 9, 1907. 



This is a wide ranging species of low rich woods occurring 

 from Canada to Florida and Texas. It is common in suitable 

 situations over the greater part of Alabama and appears to 

 have been frequent in the later Pleistocene of America, 

 previous Pleistocene occurrences being along the ISTeuse River 

 in the Xorth Carolina Coastal Plain and from near Aber- 

 crombe Landing on the Chattahoochee River in Alabama. 



The new records are localities No. 4 and No. 5, this species 

 being especially common at the former of these. 



OSTEYA VIEGIXIAXA (Mill.) Willd. 



Hollick. Bull. Torrey Clnb. vol. xix, p. 332, 1892. 

 Penhallow, Amer. Nat., vol. xli, p. 447, 1907. 



In the recent flora this species ranges from Canada to 

 Florida and Texas, ordinarily in dry soil and on hillsides. It 

 is said by Mohr to occur principally on calcareous soils in 

 Alabama, where it ranges from the Tennessee Valley to the 

 upper division of the coast pine belt, its southern limit corre- 

 sponding roughly to the northern limit of the Cuban pine. In 

 the fossil state it is recorded by Hollick from the late Miocene 

 or Pliocene of Bridgeton, Xew Jersey, and by Penhallow 

 from the interglacial deposits of the Don valley in Canada. 

 Material indistinguishable from the modern species has been 

 described by Xathorst from the post-Miocene of Japan under 

 the varietal nzmefossilis. Finally the material from Wythe- 

 ville, Virginia, said to be of Pleistocene age, which was 

 identified by Lesquereuxf as Ostrya Walkeri Heer, an early 



* See the various papers bv C. C. Adams on this subject. 

 + Lesq., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., vol. x, p. 38, 1887. 



