BARRETT— POMO BUILDINGS 



If for acorns, nothing else was needed. If intended for wild oats, 

 grass seeds, or other small grains, the basket was lined with grass or 

 leaves to prevent these running through the meshes. A lot of brush 

 was carelessly thrown over the cache roof to conceal it in case the vil- 

 lage suffered a hostile attack. 



Another type of cache was made by placing willow-poles in the 

 ground and weaving withes among them so as to produce a cylinder 

 set up from the ground perhaps two feet. It was thatched with grass, 

 and its interior was made and it was used as was the tule cache of 

 the Lake region. 



THE SUDATORY 



The dwellings above described were used by the women and chil- 

 dren at all times, and by the men to some extent. In every village 

 throughout the Porno region, however, there was at least one rela- 

 tively small, semi-subterranean structure, such as that shown in plate 

 v, fig. i, used as a sudatory and men's house, and called ho'li cane 

 (N), ho'cane (C), and ho'tsapa huwan (SE). Its interior is shown in 

 fig. 2 of the same plate. Such a sudatory had no special ceremonial 

 significance, though in all essentials of form and construction it was 

 the same as the dance house. That structure was, however, from 

 forty to sixty feet in diameter, while the sudatory measured only 

 fifteen to thirty feet, at most. The one here shown was situated, in 

 1902, at the Sulphur Bank village, and its details were as follows: 

 The pit was twenty-eight feet in diameter and about four feet deep. 

 The center-pole was fifteen feet high and the smoke-hole about two 

 feet square. The tunnel, which faced toward the southeast, was 

 twelve feet long by three feet wide, and three feet and four feet high 

 at its outer and inner openings respectively. The external perimeter 

 of the house measured about one hundred and twenty-five feet and 

 its apex stood about thirteen feet above the level of the surrounding 

 ground. 



The men only were concerned with this house, and therefore built 

 it entirely themselves. Women were permitted in it for short peri- 

 ods of time and during the day only, but the men and boys spent 

 much of their time here, especially in the winter. Many of them even 

 slept in the sudatory, for, being covered with earth, it was warm and 

 comfortable. They usually went naked both day and night. They 

 slept directly upon the earth floor, which was strewn with tules or 

 grass, or upon mats and sometimes upon blankets made of rabbit or 

 other skins. The women and girls, of the poorer families at any rate, 

 slept in the relatively open and cold grass- or tule-thatched dwellings 



[9] 



