FEWKES— RUINS IN FEWKES CANON 



dition. A few roof-beams extend from one pilaster to another, their 

 ends being still bound in place with yucca strings. This is one of the 

 few kivas in the Mesa Verde National Park that show a peg on 

 the inner wall of the kiva, on top of a pilaster, at the end of a 

 roof-beam. Diameter, 14^2 feet. 



Kiva B. — The diameter of Kiva B is practically identical with that 

 of Kiva A; its floor and walls are likewise well preserved. A feature 

 of this kiva is a banquette built under a huge rock (/) fallen from 

 the cave roof. The size of this banquette is so much greater than the 

 others in the kiva, that it resembles a shelf, extending along the 

 northern side of the room. A fine black-and-white vase of sugar-bowl 

 pattern, containing a cake of granular salt, 1 rested on this banquette. 

 The vertical shaft of the ventilator in Kiva B was much mutilated, 

 but from what remains it was seemingly of the same type as structures 

 of like function in vaulted-roof kivas. 



Kiva C. — Although Kiva C is slightly larger than either A or B, 

 its structural features, which are well preserved, are practically iden- 

 tical with them. Like the other kivas it was almost completely filled 

 with fallen masonry and other debris. Diameter, 15 feet. 



Kiva D. — The shape of Kiva D is so unlike that of circular cere- 

 monial rooms that at first sight the identity of this chamber was not 

 recognized, but after removing the debris and examining the floor, little 

 doubt remained that it belongs to the second type. Diameter, 1 1 feet. 



Its general form is semicircular, the northern wall being regularly 

 curved, the southern straight. The surface of the walls is smoke- 

 blackened. On the southern side, below a large bowlder, there is a 

 rectangular room which communicates with the main or semicircular 

 chamber by two passageways, one on each side of a middle line. The 

 floor of the D-shaped portion of the kiva has a fire-hole, but it is 

 without a sipapu, or ceremonial opening. In the relative position 

 where this orifice ordinarily occurs there was found a stone embedded 

 in the floor, flat on the lower and convex on the upper surface, which 

 at first was supposed to cover a sipapu, but, when this stone was 

 raised, no ceremonial opening was found. 



The vertical shaft of the ventilator of this kiva communicates with 

 the rectangular room, and while it has the same appearance as the 

 flues of other kivas, it does not open into the room in the usual 



1 Particular interest clusters about this cake of salt from its bearing on Cushing's theory of 

 the existence of a prehistoric trade-route between the San Juan cliff-dwellers and the Zuni, and 

 the distribution of the round type of pueblos characteristic of prehistoric Keres ruins. The char- 

 acter of the salt cake from Oak-tree House resembles, from its granular appearance, that from the 

 Zuni Salt Lake. 



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