HOLMES ANNIVERSARY VOLUME 



SNOW-SHOE 



The wooden framework shown in plate ix, a, the form of which may 

 be seen at a glance, has been identified as a snow-shoe. It was found 

 in one of the rooms back of Kiva D, a foot below the surface of the 

 debris on the floor. The object appears to be of wil- 

 low, but was so dry when found that it had lost all 

 flexibility. Evidently the two extremities of the rod 

 of which it is made was tied with leather strings, but 

 these have disappeared. The cross-rods were bent and 

 tied in place with thongs, as indicated in the figure. 

 Several specimens of so-called snow-shoes have 

 been reported from Mesa Verde ruins, but this is the 

 only one from that locality in the collections of the 

 National Museum. 



WOVEN FABRICS 



Numerous plaited sandals and particularly good 

 rings, or head-rests for pottery, were found in the 

 debris in one of the rear rooms of Oak-tree House. 

 One of the latter is here shown in plate x from both 

 above and below. Similar specimens have been found 

 in Spruce-tree House and Cliff Palace. 



Fragments of cord, cloth, and other textile mate- 

 rials were found in the debris in the rooms. As this 

 refuse had been worked over by previous diggers, the 

 specimens, with one or two exceptions, were frag- 

 mentary. One of the instructive objects of this nature 

 was a straw wisp (fig. 12) used as a hair-brush or 

 for other purposes. 



Fig. 11. — Prayer- 

 sticks from the 

 Sun Temple. 



CONCLUSIONS 



In this paper stress is laid on the structural fea- 

 tures of Oak-tree House, as these are of importance 

 in determining the relation of the culture of its in- 

 habitants. Earthenware objects also afford important 

 testimony, but these are more uniform in the various Mesa Verde ruins. 

 The form of structure of the kivas is more indicative of culture 

 than that of the secular rooms. The two primary types into which 

 kivas are divided are (I) the rectangular and (II) the circular. In 

 Arizona the rectangular type originated from a secular room, but this 

 rarely occurs in Mesa Verde architecture. It is not an early stage of 

 a circular kiva, but has been somewhat modified by that type. The 



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