HOLMES ANNIVERSARY VOLUME 



one male and one female were subadult, but both were so well devel- 

 oped that they can be included in the groups. 



DESCRIPTIVE OBSERVATIONS 



Physiognomy. — The physiognomy of the Chippewa was found to 

 be thoroughly Indian, presenting nothing distinctive from that of 

 other North American tribes whose head-form is not widely different. 

 It could best be described as typical ordinary Indian, without specially 

 marked features. 



Color of Skin. — The color of the skin was examined in each subject 

 on the face and the chest. 



The face color of the full-blood Chippewa differs somewhat, as 

 usual, in the two sexes, being slightly darker in the males; but there 

 are no marked differences with age so long as the skin remains normal. 

 The shade was recorded in 65 per cent of the males and 43 per cent 

 of the females as medium brown; in one subject of each sex as some- 

 what darker than medium; and in 29 per cent of the males and 54 per 

 cent of the females as submedium brown. As a rule it was slightly 

 lighter on the upper habitually shaded part of the forehead than on the 

 lower parts of the face; while in those who have suffered much expo- 

 sure to the elements it showed on the most forward parts of the face 

 a dusky red "sunburn" or intensification. 



The value of the chest color proved to be much greater than was 

 anticipated, particularly in the diagnosis of mixed-bloods. It calls for 

 exposure up to near the lower end of the sternum in the middle and 

 to the upper portion of the breasts on the sides. In full-bloods the 

 color of these parts was found to be uniform without exception, and 

 generally a shade or more lighter than that of the face. It was 

 recorded as submedium brown in 77 per cent of the males and 35 per 

 cent of the females, and as dusky-yellow or dusky-yellowish in 23 

 per cent of the males and 65 per cent of the females. Even when of 

 lighter shade, as in some of the females, it lacked completely all 

 suggestion of whitish or pinkish, and it lacked all spotting or 

 mottling. 



Skin Reaction. — An interesting test developed by the writer during 

 the preliminary work and one that proved of much diagnostic value, 

 both as to blood status and as to the general health of the person, 

 consisted of drawing with some force the nail of the fore-finger over 

 the chest, along the middle and also a few inches to each side. This 

 creates a reaction consisting of reddening, or hypersemia, along the 

 lines drawn. In the full-bloods the reaction as a rule is quite slight 

 to moderate, and evanescent, or of only moderate duration; in mixed- 



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