HRDLICKA— CHIPPEWA ANTHROPOLOGY 



bloods, unless anaemic, it is more intense as well as lasting. Excep- 

 tional behavior in this respect is rare in both classes of subjects. The 

 exact shade of color, and sex or age, do not seem to matter, so long 

 as the skin is healthy. 



Color of Eyes. — The eyes of the full-blood Chippewa are generally 

 dark-brown, in some instances in young subjects very dark; occasion- 

 ally a shade less than dark, but not so light as medium brown. The 

 pigmentation is such that no radiation in the iris is observable. With 

 the exception of the disappearance of the very dark-brown shades in 

 later life, and possibly a slight lightening of the browns in general, 

 no decided change with age could be recorded ; and no marked differ- 

 ence was seen in the eye color between the two sexes, though there 

 is perhaps a little more tendency in the females toward the darker 

 shades. The conjunctiva, bluish in the young and pearly white during 

 advanced childhood and adolescence, later becomes more or less 

 yellowish as among other Indians. 



Eye Slant. — In the young and most of the middle-aged Chippewa 

 the eye-slits show slight to fairly marked slant, with the outer canthi, 

 especially that of the right side, higher than the inner. In no instance 

 was the slant excessive. On the whole it was slightly more marked 

 in the females, which stands in connection with the lesser develop- 

 ment of the supraorbital ridges in this sex. Among those above 60 

 years of age, the eye-slits were almost invariably more or less affected 

 and narrowed by disease. 



Color of Hair. — The hair of the Chippewa full-bloods is moderately 

 lustrous black, as among other Indians. In about 20 per cent of the 

 adults in favorable light it reflected a trace of brownish. This was 

 expecially noticeable directly above the forehead, and may have 

 been due to exposure to sun, or possibly to the action of alka- 

 line soap. 1 



Grayness. — The majority of the individuals here reported on 

 showed more or less gray hair. The oldest male who had no gray hair 

 was 50 years of age, the oldest female 53, while the youngest male in 

 whom some gray hair existed was 46 and the youngest female 42 

 years. On the whole it may be said that in the full-blood Chippewa 

 gray hair begins to manifest itself after 40 years, somewhat later than 

 in whites; that it is invariably present to a greater or lesser extent 

 at 60 years; that it predominates over the black between 61 and 70 

 years; and that with rare exceptions grayness is marked to complete 

 in those above 70. Where grayness was advanced, part of the hair 



1 A number of full-blood Sioux children were seen whose hair color has suffered by the free 

 application of cheap soap. 



[203] 



