Females 



Subjects 



Per cent 



IO 



24 



157.2 



cm. 



148.7 



cm. 



164.7 



cm. 



HRDLICKA— CHIPPEWA ANTHROPOLOGY 



Males 

 Cm. Subjects Per cent 



160.I-165 I 6 



165.1-170 7 41 



I70-I-I75 4 23 



175.1-180 5 29 



Average 171.9 cm. 



Minimum 164.4 cm - 



Maximum 180.0 cm. 



The difference between the male and female average stature 

 (14.7 cm.) is unusually high in this tribe, the percental relation of the 

 female height to that of the male being only as 91.45 to 100. The 

 usual difference in height between the sexes ranges about 12 centi- 

 meters, the percentage of female to the male average being close to 

 93. Among the 59 tribes reported by Boas, there were but 6 (Cree, 

 Crow, Pawnee, Micmac, and two of the Pueblo groups) in which this 

 proportion was equal to that among the Chippewa or only slightly 

 lower, while among the 21 Southwestern and Mexican tribes reported 

 on by the writer, 1 there were but three such tribes (Tepehuane, Yaqui, 

 and Papago) . The cause of this unusual difference between the height 

 of the two sexes is probably some generalized special advantage relat- 

 ing to the development of the males, or a special general disadvantage 

 affecting the females of these tribes; in other words, we are more 

 likely dealing with a physiological than with an hereditary and perma- 

 nent condition. It must also be borne in mind in this connection, that 

 if all our groups were ideally constituted as to both number and age, 

 the exceptional position of some of the tribes in the matter of height 

 might be reduced or disappear. 



Of the better-known tribes of northern United States, those that 

 stand erect nearest in stature to the Chippewa are, according to the 

 data reported by Boas, the Micmac and Abenaki (171. 7 cm.), Dela- 

 ware (171. 5), Iroquois (172.7), Pawnee (171. 3), Sioux (172.6), Black- 

 feet (171. 5), and Arapaho (172.8). These tribes are either Algonquian 

 or, the Sioux excepted, their close physical relations. 



Head Measurements 



The head of the full-blood Chippewa as a rule was found free 

 from cradle-board or other deformation, and also from pathological 

 conditions that would affect its shape. Only one full-blood showed 



1 A. Hrdlicka, The Stature of the Indians of the Southwest and of Northern Mexico, Putnam 

 Anniversary Volume, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1909, pp. 405-424. 



[209] 



