HRDLICKA— CHIPPEWA ANTHROPOLOGY 



this with but slightly smaller breadth of the vault (white male 

 Americans, 15.4; Chippewa, 15.8 cm.)- Among other nationalities of 

 whites the breadth of face differs somewhat from group to group, but 

 it is always decidedly below that of the Chippewa. It is due to this 

 fact, as has already been shown by Boas 1 (although his "full-bloods" 

 were by no means wholly such), that the mixed-bloods in the tribe 

 present narrower faces as a rule. 



Facial Indexes. — The facial indexes in the Chippewa are difficult to 

 determine precisely, owing to the fact that in so many of the indi- 

 viduals examined the teeth are worn or decayed, while the small 

 groups of the best subjects in this respect cannot properly represent 

 the whole. Possibly the nearest approach to true conditions will be 

 gained by taking the facial height as a whole and making allowance 

 for defective teeth. This allowance, not made entirely arbitrarily, will 

 amount to 4 millimeters in the males and 5 millimeters in the females, 

 in which latter sex the teeth were on the whole in poorer condition. 

 By this means we obtain, for the whole series of subjects, the follow- 

 ing average facial proportions and indexes: 



Chin-nasion 

 Height (cm.) 



Chin-hairline 

 Height (cm.) 



Dm. Bizygom 

 max. (cm.) 



Morph'gic 

 Index 



Physiogn'ic 

 Index 



Chippewa 



Indians of Southwest. 

 Old-American whites. 



Male 

 I2.8I 

 II. 8l 

 12.0 



Female 



11.85 



II .14 

 III 



Male 

 I9.4 

 I8.46 

 I8.4 



Female 



18.2 



1723 



175 



Male 



15 15 

 1435 

 139 



Male 



14. 



1355 

 13.00 



2484 



5 

 82.2 



86.3 



Fem'le 



83.2 

 82.1 



85.2 



Male 



78. 1 



77 ■', 



75-4 



Fem'le 



78.2 

 78.7 



74-3 



From the above the Chippewa face is seen to be absolutely high; 

 absolutely broad; near that of other Indians in relative proportions, 

 especially taking the face as a whole; but relatively, besides abso- 

 lutely, broader than that of the whites. 



Height of Forehead. — The forehead of the Chippewa, especially in 

 the women, frequently appears quite low, as mentioned under "Obser- 

 vations". It seemed decidedly lower than among the whites, and even 

 lower on the whole than among some other Indian tribes. To these 

 impressions the actual measurements would seem to offer a refutation. 

 As will be seen from the next table and comparisons, the actual height 

 from nasion to hairline is much the same in the Chippewa and the 

 Southwestern tribes, and when compared with Old-American whites 

 there is but slight difference in favor of the latter in the female sex. 

 Yet the visual observations were not erroneous. The Chippewa fore- 



1 Op. cit., p. 411. 



[219] 



