HRDLICKA— CHIPPEWA ANTHROPOLOGY 



Considering only normal conditions, it is impossible not to reflect 

 on the close similarity in height and, as will be seen later, also in 

 breadth of the forehead, in the "savage" Indian and in a group of 

 whites representing the oldest American families, who intellectually 

 stand surely on a par, if not above, with any larger similarly consti- 

 tuted group of white men. There is certainly here no external evidence 

 of any marked effect on the forehead of a more highly developed brain. 

 But it must always be remembered that the vault of the Indian skull 

 averages thicker than that of the highly civilized white man; so that 

 with the same size of head, and the same height of forehead as in the 

 Indian, the white man's brain will nevertheless be larger as a whole, 

 and higher as well as broader in the frontal region. 



Breadth of Forehead. — The breadth of the forehead, as expressed 

 by the diameter frontal minimum, is perceptibly larger among the 

 Chippewa, especially in the men, than it is among the Southwestern 

 and Mexican Indians; and it is even very slightly larger in the Chip- 

 pewa than in the Old-American whites. There is no question, how- 

 ever, as already indicated, that the intracranial breadth in the same 

 region is superior in whites to that of the Indians, owing to the greater 

 thickness of bone in the latter. 



Correlation of the diameter frontal minimum with cephalic index, 

 among the Indians, is small, and the same is the case, if not more so, 

 with the correlation between frontal breadth and the breadth of the 

 face (diam. bizygom. max.). 



BREADTH OF FOREHEAD 



(Diam. frontal mm.) Mal£S Females 



Cm. Per cent Per cent 



9-30-9-5 •• 2 



9.51-IO.O . . 29 



IO.OI-IO.5 29 38 



10.51-11.0 59 31 



11.01-11.4 12 _^^_ 



Average 10.76 cm. 10.26 cm. 



Minimum 10.3 cm. 9.3 cm. 



Maximum 1 1. 4 cm. 10.8 cm. 



Indians of the Southwest 10.47 cm - 10.17 cm. 



Old-American whites 10.6 cm. 10.2 cm. 



Breadth of Lower Jaw. — Within a given group of people the 

 breadth of the lower jaw at its angles is an individual characteristic 

 of only secondary importance, but between racial groups the differ- 

 ences between the average proportions of this diameter may be of 

 considerable interest. 



On the whole it may be said that the bigonial diameter increases 



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