HOLMES ANNIVERSARY VOLUME 



walls of adjoining buildings. Instances have been noted in which the 

 larger roof -beams rested upon notched posts set in the corners of the 

 room ; others, in which the end walls were of stone, upholding the roof, 

 while the sides were of clay-covered reeds or willows. In some cases 

 such rooms have the appearance of being the result of a happy inspira- 

 tion on the part of their builders — a means of completely and quickly 

 utilizing desirable space adjoining occupied houses; in others, they 

 seem to have played a perfectly normal part in the natural develop- 

 ment of the village. 



Walls made of adobe plastered on osiers are well known also in 

 the cliff -houses of northeastern Arizona, especially in Canon de Chelly, 

 and a few have been noted in Mesa Verde National Park, southwest- 

 ern Colorado. Similar structures exist likewise in Grand Gulch and 

 neighboring canons north of San Juan river. In the latter region are 

 to be found many granaries, or storage bins, with walls made in the 

 same manner as those of the dwellings. Among others, an excellent 

 example (pi. I, n) of such a storehouse, with its original door and 

 bolts, was photographed by the writer in 1907, while a member of a 

 party engaged in the exploration of White canon, Utah. It is one of 

 two closets, almost exactly alike, and part of a small ruin near the 

 Augusta 1 natural bridge. 



During the same reconnoissance a small ruin was discovered on 

 a ledge overlooking Armstrong canon near the Edwin or Little 2 

 natural bridge, one room of which (pi. iv) was constructed of cedar 

 logs, chinked and partially covered with adobe. Prehistoric habita- 

 tions of this nature, however, are extremely unusual and cannot be 

 designated rightfully as a distinct type of ancient Pueblo archi- 

 tecture. 



Another type of wall, closely allied to that last considered and 

 frequently met with in cliff-houses in the region south of Navaho 

 mountain, is made from long, narrow tablets of adobe mud, each 

 inclosing a quantity of twigs or coarse grass. For the purposes of this 

 paper, such may be regarded properly as a form of brick. An excel- 

 lent individual specimen (pi. ill), from a large ruin in West canon, is 

 now in the National Museum and has been referred to as a "Vienna- 

 roll" adobe. 3 Finger-prints and irregularities on the surface of this 

 and other blocks lead to the conclusion that each was shaped by the 

 hands of a workman and placed in the wall while still in a plastic 



1 Marked as "Sipapu Bridge" on the General Land Office map of the Natural Bridges National 

 Monument. 



2 "Owachomo" on the General Land Office map. 



3 American Anthropologist, n. s., vol. 12, no. 3, July-Sept. 1910. 



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