HOLMES ANNIVERSARY VOLUME 



away, carrying with it the design painted over it. Tempering material 

 is scanty, appearing in the form of fine granular bodies, which seem to 

 consist of ground-up sherds. There are also in many pieces tiny par- 

 ticles of pyrites, some of which, appearing on the surface, have given 

 rise to the popular belief that this ware was made of gold-bearing 

 clay. The color of the vessels varies somewhat according to the 

 amount of iron in the paste and the degree of heat developed in 

 firing; the shades range from dead white (rare) through cream color, 

 to an almost lemon yellow, the commonest tone being a warm yellow- 

 ish gray. 



The outer surfaces of the pots are well smoothed, presumably with 

 the rubbing stone; but a glossy polish, such as is seen in the blackware, 

 was very seldom produced. 



Shapes, Jars. — By far the commonest form is the jar, a vessel of 

 every characteristic shape, not regularly duplicated elsewhere in the 

 Southwest (pi. 2, figs. 2, 10, u). The pieces average about y}4 inches 

 high and have a capacity of i}4 to 2 gallons. 1 There is one specimen 

 in the collection (C-4329) that is nearly 15 inches high, but in general 

 the divergence from the average size is slight. Typical features are: 

 high, gently sloping upper body; rounded shoulder; full, round bot- 

 tom; and point of greatest diameter set very low. The rim is slightly 

 outcurved, ending in a plain round lip. To the rim are occasionally 

 added a pair of horizontally perforated lugs, and many of the smaller 

 examples have opposite pairs of suspension holes, apparently made by 

 pushing a small reed through the rim while the clay was still soft. 



A few jars do not follow the standard form, having high necks, 2 

 or globular bodies; in general, however, the type is a remarkably con- 

 stant one and is not only the predominant simple form but serves as 

 the basis, so to speak, for many of the effigy vases, which were made 

 by the addition of various sorts of plastic ornament to the sides or 

 rims of standard jars. 



Effigy vases of one kind or another make up nearly ten per cent of 

 all the painted specimens; this high ratio of modeled to plain pieces 

 is not approached in any other Southwestern culture. 3 A general 

 classification follows: 



1 . Examples with plastic features added to the sides of standard jars. 



2. Examples with heads of animals, birds, or human beings added 

 to the rims of standard jars. 



3. True effigies. 



1 The average dimensions of twenty-five pieces are: ht. 7.47"; great, diam. 8.34"; orif. 4.60". 



2 Lumholtz, pi. v, /. 



5 The percentage of effigies in the collections of the American Museum of Natural History and 

 the Museum of the American Indian is not quite so high as in the Peabody collection. 



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