KIDDER— CASAS GRANDES POTTERY 



against the intended representation of clothing. Various marks on the 

 bodies and limbs, and particularly on the faces, may perhaps depict 

 tattooing or body-painting. Of this the reader may best judge for 

 himself from the plate, but it should be remembered that the Casas 

 Grandes artists, like all other Puebloans, had a deeply rooted "horror 

 vacui" and could seldom bear to leave any visible space entirely free 

 from decoration. 



There are four single and two double effigies. Of the single ones, 

 two are male, two female. Of the male figures, one (pi. m, fig. 2) 

 squats in a very natural attitude and holds to his mouth some object 

 which he appears to be chewing. The lower part of the back is en- 

 larged into a prominent hump covered by a kind of spiderweb deco- 

 ration. The second example (pi. ill, fig. 10) is one of the largest and 

 best modeled; the eyes and the face-markings are noteworthy; there 

 is no hump. The small female figure (pi. ill, front fig. 5; side fig. 8) is 

 also very well made ; the larger one (pi. ill, back fig. 1 1 ; front fig. 12) is 

 decorated in black alone over an unusually light-colored base. The 

 eyes, mouth, and nipples are touched up with black, and the top and 

 sides of the head are painted black, presumably to represent hair. 

 The subject is obviously pregnant. 



The figures in the double effigies (pi. in, figs. 4 and 6) squat side 

 by side and are connected by hollow bars. Each pair consists of a 

 male and a female. The former bear on their backs distinct humps 

 which suggest the humpbacked erotic figure of Kokopelli illustrated 

 by Fewkes. 1 



The modeling and decoration of the bodies do not differ in general 

 plan from that of the single effigies except for the fact that the legs 

 and sides of both males and females are painted with large black spots 

 and that their arms and lower legs are colored black. 



Some of the structural details should be noted, as they may 

 eventually prove to have classificational value. 2 There were two 

 methods of making eyes: in one a low oval mound of clay was ap- 

 plied to the rounded surface of the face and was crossed by a simple 

 horizontal cut painted black (mouths were similarly represented); 

 the second way was to make a somewhat rounder mound, outline it 

 in black with a trailer from the corner, and indicate the pupil with a 

 black dot. The ears are curved ridges touched up with paint. Hands 

 and feet were made plain and then so gashed with a sharp implement 

 as to bring out the separations between fingers and toes. 



Bowls. — The large, shallow food-bowl, so common in most South- 



1 Twenty-first Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethnol., pi. xxv. 



1 Cf. Spinden, Archeology of Salvador, Amer. Anthr., N. s., vol. 17, 1915, p. 469 and fig. 74. 



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