KROEBER— ZUNI RELIGION 



authorized to speak for him. In addition, there is one pekwinna who 

 has no superior. This is the shiwwanni who has charge of the cere- 

 monial calendar. He is 'speaker' not for any human authority, but 

 for the sun itself, yattokya an pekwinna; and is usually referred to 

 simply as the pekwinna. This is one of the most conspicuous and one 

 of the three highest individualized posts in Zuhi life; the others being 

 the head pitla-shiwwanni or bow-priest, and the kyakkwe-mossiye or 

 kyakkwe-mossonna tlashshi, the head of the six kyakkwe-amossi, or 

 'house-masters', — the six ranking ashiwanni and the supreme font of 

 authority in Zuhi. 



Mossiye or mossonna — the two seem to mean very nearly the same 

 thing — has about the significance of 'director'. The Zuni sometimes 

 translate it by 'boss'. It occurs in kyakkwe-mossiye; ko-mossonna, also 

 mentioned before; and in a number of other combinations, such as 

 ne-mossi, the director of the Ne-we-kwe fraternity. Mrs Stevenson 

 mentions the pamosonokia, or pa-mossonn-okkya. This is literally 

 'Navaho-director-woman'. She is the female assistant or associate of 

 the bow-priest who has charge of the scalps kept by the Zuhi. Since 

 the traditional foe was the Navaho, Pachu, plural Apachu, pa- in 

 pa-mossonn-okkya stands literally for 'Navaho' or 'enemy' rather than 

 'scalp'. So, too, the A -pitla-shiwwanni or society of the bow-priests 

 is sometimes spoken of as pa-tikkyanne, 'Navaho fraternity', that is, 

 the society of those having to do with the enemy. 



These examples illustrate the Zuhi tendency to reduce to a mono- 

 syllabic radical the first element in compounds, whatever its original 

 form. Pachu is itself a false singular from Apachu, construed as a 

 plural on account of its appearing to contain the prefix a-, although 

 probably nothing but the Spanish word 'Apache', which originally 

 was applied to the Navaho as well as to the tribes we call Apache. 

 The true Apache the Zuni now designate by other names, such as 

 Willats'ukwe, White Mountain, and Chishshekwe, San Carlos. The 

 raider par excellence of the Zuni being the Navaho, the generic Pachu, 

 Apachu, was retained for him. The majority of tribal designations 

 used by the Zuhi are similar adaptations of Spanish or Indian names. 

 Thus, Mukwe, plural Amukwe, the Moqui or Hopi; Kuhnikwe, Coco- 

 nino or Havasupai; Pimakwe, Pima; Kummanchikwe, Comanche; 

 Hemushikwe, Jemez; Ts'i'a'akwe, Sia (compare Ts'i'a'awa, the so- 

 called 'sacred' dance plaza in Zuhi); Kochutikwe, Cochiti; and the 

 Hopi villages Ullewakwe, Oraibi; Shummahpawa, Shungopovi; Ship- 

 pailemma, Shipaulovi; Mushshailekwe, Mishongnovi; Watlpiye, Walpi; 

 Shiwwinna-ye (the only exception, 'Zuhi place'), Sichumovi; and 

 Tewwanaye or Tewwakwe, the Tewa town of Hano. 



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