HOLMES ANNIVERSARY VOLUME 



daughter, granddaughter, stepdaughter; wife, wife's sister; husband, 

 sister's husband, etc. (12); sister's husband, wife's brother; and the 

 terms under 26 and 27 are related. The element toto which occurs in 

 many of these will be noticed. We are thereby in a position to infer 

 with certainty a word nitototAn'na ea , which with a female speaker 

 would mean "my sister's daughter", and with a male speaker "my 

 chum's son". According to my interpreter the element toto means 

 "far away, distant". 



DIAGRAM SHOWING A PART OF THE PIEGAN SYSTEM OF RELATIONSHIPS 



BY BLOOD 



father's brother's wife's parents father's sbter^husband> parent; 



father's brother's wife = father's brother— father— father's sister = father's sister's husband 



wife's father wife's mother 

 26 26 



sister's husband brother's wife sel^^wi£e_ wife's sister jwtfe^sjjrother^ 



'^22" " 21 (male) 9 10 23 



sister's husband's daughter = s's h's d's husband 



29 



son = son's wife daughter =daughter's husband 



An examination of the Piegan system shows very clearly that the 

 essential factors governing it are consanguineal, not sociological. 

 And this is what we might expect, as the Piegans are organized in 

 gentes in the making. Exogamy has nothing to do with the system. 



Morgan is wholly in error in considering that many old Algon- 

 quian words occur in the Piegan terms, of relationship. This was 

 due partly to his inadequate phonetics and partly to mistakes in 

 categories. The terms for "my daughter", "my elder brother", are 

 certainly old, possibly that for "my son" and less probably that for 

 "my sister". Whether the term for "younger brother, sister", with 

 female speaker, contains the stem of the old word with a different 

 suffix is impossible to say definitely, owing to our inadequate knowl- 

 edge of Piegan morphology. It will be remembered that the categories 

 in the terms of relationship completely differ from the normal Algon- 

 quian ones. Taking into consideration the few terms which are old 



[332 



