MILLS— THE TREMPER MOUND 



already mentioned. In addition to the objects enumerated, there 

 were present in the cache many others made from wood and bone, 

 mostly badly decomposed or burned. A total of more than five 

 hundred specimens had been placed in this cache. 



The smaller of the two caches contained nine tobacco-pipes, 

 representing the platform type, the tubular, and the modified tubular 

 types. Among those of the platform type were several extremely 

 large and fine pipes, made from Ohio red pipestone, the largest and 

 finest ever found in an Ohio mound. The tubular forms likewise are 

 particularly large and fine. In addition to the pipes, this cache 

 contained a pair of the rare type of ear-ornaments, made from Ohio 

 red pipestone, and a pierced slate tablet. 



ART DEVELOPMENT 



The sculptural art displayed in the pipes taken from the Tremper 

 mound represents the highest esthetic attainment of the Hopewell 

 culture, and probably never has been surpassed by any people in the 

 stone-age period of its existence. The technique displayed in the 

 portrayal of life-forms is no less admirable than the apparent faculty 

 of the artist for observing and appreciating the habits and peculiar 

 characteristics of the birds and animals with which he was familiar. 

 Among the animal and bird forms depicted in the sculptures, the 

 following have been identified: bear, mountain lion, wildcat, raccoon, 

 porcupine, opossum, beaver, otter, dog, rabbit, mink, deer, fox, 

 wolf, squirrel, and the owl, hawk, wild duck, eagle, heron, crane, 

 kingfisher, crow, quail, paroquet, bluejay, and song sparrow. In the 

 pipes of the plain type, the graceful forms of both bases and bowls, 

 and the bilateral symmetry of the specimens, are such as to attract 

 attention and compel admiration. 



THE MOUND CITY CACHE 



In 1846 Squier and Davis found a cache in Mound No. 8, Mound 

 City group, which they describe as follows: 



Intermixed with much ashes, were found not far from two hundred pipes 1 

 carved in stone, many pearl and shell beads, numerous discs, tubes, etc., of 

 copper, and a number of other ornaments of copper, covered with silver, etc. 

 The pipes were much broken up, some of them calcined by the heat, which had 

 been sufficiently strong to melt copper, masses of which were found fused together 

 in the center of the basin. A large number have nevertheless been restored, at 

 the expense of much labor and no small amount of patience. 



1 The collection gathered by Squier and Davis was purchased by Mr Blackmore for his museum 

 at Salisbury, England. The number of pipes obtained in Mound No. 8 as recorded in the Museum's 

 printed catalogue known as "Flint Chips", is only 95. 



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