HOLMES ANNIVERSARY VOLUME 



fox rises from about the center of the platform and represents the 

 animal as seated, with head and body thrown forward and front feet 

 touching the platform. The head has the characteristic markings of 

 the gray fox, and the ears are thrown forward as if the animal were 

 intently viewing some object. The primitive artist certainly has 

 portrayed the general form and features of the animal, as well as its 

 characteristic attitude and expression. The sculpture of the gray fox 

 (Urocyon virginianus) has never before been reported, but its presence 

 in Ohio during prehistoric times is evidenced by the finding of 

 numerous bones of the animal at the Baum village-site along Paint 

 creek. Here the remains of the fox were perhaps as numerous as the 

 bones of any animal excepting the deer. At the Gartner village-site 

 along the Scioto, bones of the fox were found in large numbers. 



Effigy of the Indian Dog. — The only representation of the dog 

 coming from an Ohio mound that could rightly be indentified as such 

 is shown in plate II, 2. The primitive artist knew his subject well 

 and was able to reproduce in stone the general form and features as 

 well as the characteristic attitude and expression of the dog "baying 

 at the moon." No other sculpture from the mounds is more pleasing, 

 and none tells so much of natural history as this sculpture of the only 

 domesticated animal of primitive man in Ohio. The pipe is made of 

 Ohio blue-gray pipestone and is well fashioned. The platform, which 

 is decidedly curved from end to end, is 2% inches long and l}i inch 

 wide at the stem-end, gradually narrowing from the center to the 

 rear, where the top of the platform is concave, and ending in an oval. 

 The bowl rises from the center of the platform and represents the dog 

 in a sitting posture, its tail curled over the back and the head thrown 

 high as in the attitude of barking. While, so far as we know, plate II, 

 2, shows the only authentic sculpture of the dog taken from an Ohio 

 mound, the bones of the animal have been found, both at the Baum 

 village-site and at the Gartner village-site. At the Baum site bones 

 of the dog were found in every part of the village and its presence as a 

 domesticated animal is shown by the gnawed ends of bones found in 

 practically every refuse pit. At the Gartner mound and village the 

 bones of the dog were in evidence and instances of the gnawing of 

 bones were abundant. 



Effigy of the Black Bear. — The sculpture of the black bear ( Ursus 

 americanus) shown in plate III, 5, is perhaps the finest of the three 

 bear-pipes found. This pipe is made of Ohio dark-blue pipestone 

 and is carved with much spirit and fidelity to nature. The platform 

 is 2>}4 inches long, flat on top and convex beneath; it is 1 inch wide 

 at the stem-end, and carries this width almost to the opposite end, 



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