HOLMES ANNIVERSARY VOLUME 



Pennsylvania into Virginia, westward to Kentucky, and northward 

 to the limit of trees in Canada; hence it must have been well known to 

 prehistoric man in the Scioto valley. We have found the bones of 

 the porcupine sparingly in the Baum village-site, a lower jaw and 

 several small bones being noted. Now that we have its sculptured 

 effigy and know that the Indian was acquainted with the animal, I 

 am sure a careful search will bring to light more of its bones. How- 

 ever, it must be remembered that the Indian dog was very fond of 

 bones, which may account for the sparsity of those of some of the 

 smaller mammals. 



Squirrel Effigy Pipes. — The gray squirrel {Sciurus carolinensis) 

 was well known to prehistoric man, and in all the six sculptures found 

 is portrayed in the familiar posture shown in plate III, 4. This effigy 

 is spirited and admirably true to nature, and perhaps is the most 

 artistic of the squirrel sculptures. It is made of light-gray pipestone, 

 strongly marked with red, giving the specimen the appearance of 

 marble. The platform is 2>/4 inches long, flat on top, convex beneath, 

 and regularly curved from front to back. The squirrel is carved 

 around the bowl in an erect sitting posture, with the front feet held 

 closely to the body, the head in the attitude of watchfulness, and the 

 bushy tail curled up over the back. 



Sculpture of the Toad. — Plate iv, 1, shows a splendid conception 

 of the common toad. Many of the prehistoric Indians sculptured the 

 toad and the frog, but the pipes of the Tremper mound and the 

 Mound City group are unique in producing the toad in the platform 

 type of pipe. The pipe shown in plate iv, 1, has a platform 4^2 inches 

 long, and 1 inch wide at each end, expanding in the center to l}4 

 inch. It is strongly curved from front to back, flat on top and convex 

 beneath, to accommodate the large stem-hole. The sculptor's con- 

 ception of the toad is extremely good so far as general appearance 

 and proportions are concerned, although some features of it might be 

 considered exaggerated and others dwarfed. 



Effigy of the Hawk.— The pipe shown in plate IV, 3, is unusually well 

 carved and represents the hawk in the attitude of viewing its sur- 

 roundings. The object is of gray pipestone, somewhat discolored by 

 salts of iron. The platform is a little more than 3^ inches long, 1^ 

 inch wide, and regularly concave beneath. The feet and talons are 

 well carved and somewhat emphasized. The color-markings on the 

 head are very distinct, and the eyes are set with copper. The feather- 

 markings of the wings and back are carved true to nature. This pipe 

 was found in the second cache, two and one-half feet above the floor 

 of the mound. 



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