HOLMES ANNIVERSARY VOLUME 



forated stones or pendants was unusual, one of them measuring about 

 40 cm. in length. 



The slight differences between these cemeteries are interesting 

 and significant. The area occupied by the Red-paint People has been 

 determined as follows: Its most northerly limit is Passadumkeag, 

 about 115 kilometers from the mouth of the Penobscot; the most 

 easterly cemetery is at Sullivan Falls, near Bar Harbor, approximately 

 50 kilometers east of the Penobscot; near Katahdin Iron Works, up 

 Pleasant river, a tributary of the Piscataquis, the source of the red 

 paint was found. Mr Walter B. Smith, formerly of the United States 

 Geological Survey, who is familiar with the surface geology of the 

 Penobscot valley, informed me that in his opinion there was no possi- 

 ble source in Maine for powdered hematite except at the Katahdin 

 Iron Works. Mr Smith accompanied the expedition and his opinion 

 was verified. 



The outcrop consists of soft, powdered, brilliant carmine hematite, 

 and extends along the side of a high ridge. At Ebemee lake, about 

 45 kilometers west of the Penobscot, and 8 kilometers from this 

 outcrop, is a Red-paint cemetery of unknown extent, owned by a 

 gentleman living in Milo, Maine, who, it is said, will not permit 

 exploration. Objects from this site have been observed, and they 

 are unquestionably of the same culture as those illustrated in plates 

 II, in, and iv. 



The Red-paint culture has been traced to the Georges valley, 

 about 60 kilometers due west from the mouth of the Penobscot. 

 Roughly estimated, then, the area dominated by the so-called Red- 

 paint People was somewhat more than no kilometers in extent. Mr 

 Willoughby informs me that a Red-paint cemetery existed on the 

 banks of Kennebec river, which would carry the culture toward the 

 west some 70 kilometers beyond the Georges valley. The site is now 

 covered by a factory, and exploration is impossible. The lower 

 Penobscot basin seems to have been the seat of the Red-paint culture. 



The objects found in these cemeteries, or deposits of offerings, or 

 whatever they may be, fall into eight distinctly non-Algonquian 

 groups or types. In the Peabody Museum of Harvard University 

 there are fully 500; in possession of citizens of Maine, the Maine and 

 Bangor Historical Societies, about 425; in New York and Philadelphia 

 collections, 170; the museum of Phillips Academy, 1410, a total ex- 

 ceeding 2500 specimens of these eight types. I have examined all of 

 these collections and they confirm observations made in the field. 



The eight persistently recurring forms are as follows: First, the 

 gouge; this is usually very well made, and sometimes it reaches a 



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