HOLMES ANNIVERSARY VOLUME 



for the preliminary rough work, namely, the production of flakes or 

 of a flaked core. 



For the secondary flaking or, as it will be termed in this paper, 

 chipping, a tool was made as follows: Ishi on one occasion took a 

 common spike and at another time a piece of iron rod about the size 

 of a lead pencil. He ground one end down about equally on two 

 opposing sides, making a curving, chisel-like cutting edge, lenticular 

 in cross-section — a tool of a nature half-way between an awl and a 

 chisel. Around the butt-end a bit of cloth was wrapped to ease the 

 handhold, and the chipping tool was finished. The notching tool was 

 practically a duplicate of the preceding, but much smaller. A slender 

 nail was sharpened as before and, being too small to be held in the 

 hand as it was, the butt-end was inserted into an improvised wooden 

 handle. The whole tool was nothing more nor less than a 

 common awl. The two implements are shown in figure i. 

 Another necessary item was a piece of leather or hide 

 with which to protect the hand holding the obsidian during 

 the chipping and notching processes. 



Five things therefore seem to constitute the full com- 

 plement of tools and accessories used in making the aver- 

 age chipped artifact. But more or fewer tools may no 

 doubt be employed under extreme conditions. 



Fig. 



METHODS OF WORK 



Preliminary Flaking.— Unfortunately, while Ishi went 

 through the motions of this process a number of times for 

 me, I never photographed it, wishing first to be convinced 

 of its feasibilities. But for reasons which I 

 £ did not comprehend at the time, Ishi always 



refused to execute the process. Professor 

 Kroeber has since been partly successful 

 with him, and from his report I judge that 

 Ishi's reluctance was due in all probability 

 to the element of danger involved. Thus it 

 appears that the first time Ishi was induced 

 to try flake production he was cut about the 

 face by flying bits of the glass-like substance 

 and bled profusely. Quite naturally there- 

 fore the accompanying illustration of the 

 act (pi. I, a), furnished by Professor Kroeber, 

 _. . . . , . shows Ishi with his eyes closed. This photo- 



i. — Making and notching , . , ... J , . . . , 



tools used by ishi. graph, it should be explained, is not a mere 



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