HOLMES ANNIVERSARY VOLUME 



particularmente dalla lotta colla avidita contadinesca che sperpera ogni cosa pel 

 piu insignificante corrispettivo. 



The reference is to the excavations of 1865, a time when the 

 chronology of the metal ages was little worked out and the relative 

 importance of the specimens not recognized. 



In 1878 1 a more systematic exploration was commenced and 

 numerous tombs were excavated; the summarized results make a 

 fair table of contents for the Harvard collection itself: in bronze, 

 situlae, vases, and dishes; fibulse, pins and needles, large and small; 

 chains and bangles, ear and breast pendants; rings, bracelets, and 

 armlets; hollow batons; sheaths and handles of daggers, and portions 

 of richly ornamented girdles; in iron, fibulse, knives, points, and 

 axes. Besides, there are articles in bone, horn, glass, amber, resin, 

 enamel, and stone, as well as terracotta. 



Little information on the quantity and condition of the human 

 remains is at hand ; apparently cremation was the rule and deposition 

 in bronze vessels followed; the tombs in which the vessels were put 

 are somewhat like the stone-graves of Tennessee. 2 



THE COLLECTION 



The Estes collection is here described according to the principal 

 types of the specimens. In each case one of them has been chosen 

 for illustration, and, where possible, a reference to an analogous 

 specimen has been given. The method is more or less similar to that 

 pursued in the colossal works of Montelius. 3 



FIBUL/E 



Plate I 



Fig. 1. — Bow semicircular; hinge composed of two and one-half 

 circles to the left; 4 needle plain; channel upright, short, opening to 

 the left; ornament absent save for an attached spiral ring. 



Vide Montelius' Series A, no. 25; Forrer, 5 pi. 57, 4D. 

 Period (of which it is characteristic), Late Bronze age. 



1 Vide Gherardo Ghirardini in Notizie degli Scavi, 1883, pp. 25 ff., especially in relation to the 

 excavations of Monti (pp. 29 ff.); cf. also Report of O. Monti, ibid., 1884, pp. 173-174. 



2 The size of the Italian cists varied from about I m. 50 by .75 m. downward. The size of the 

 stone-grave from Kimmswick, Missouri, reproduced in the Peabody Museum, is about 80 by 50 cm. 

 Vide also Yarrow in First Ann. Rep. Bur. Elhnol., 1879-80, pp. 113 ff. 



3 La Civilisation Primitive en Italie: Italie Septentrionale, 1895; Italie Centrale, 1904-10. 

 Pre-classical Chronology in Greece and Italy, Jour. Anthr. Inst., xxvi, 1896-97, pp. 261 ff. Die 

 Vorklassische Chronologie Italiens, 1912. In all cases a reference to Montelius in the text refers 

 to "Italie Septentrionale." 



4 The fibula is supposed to be viewed from above and from behind the hinge. 



6 The references to Forrer are to his Reallexikon der Prahistorischen, Klassischen und Friih- 

 christlichen Altertiimer, Berlin and Stuttgart, 1907. 



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