HOLMES ANNIVERSARY VOLUME 



copper, d and g are drawings of a crescent-shaped gorget and what is 

 probably a bracelet. These were found with a skeleton. And on the 

 same plate, h, is a conventionalized representation of the double 

 serpent head which appears on the Cincinnati Tablet. What is 

 apparently a frontlet is illustrated in o. Two of these were taken 

 from one of the altars of the Turner group. So far as we may judge 

 from specimens thus far recovered, the great earthwork builders 

 of this region had not attained a proficiency in embossed work which 

 equaled that of some other sections. Overlaying, however, was 

 followed in making a considerable variety of objects. One of the 

 most elaborate examples of this work is shown in two of the head- 

 dresses on plate iv. The antlers of the largest of these are made from 

 carefully selected branches of wood, covered with thin sheets of 

 copper. The cores of the sprouting antlers on the second head-dress 

 (c) are also of wood, very neatly covered with thin sheets of the same 

 metal. Some excellent examples in overlaying are shown in the ear- 

 ornaments, bracelets, beads, and button-like objects where the 

 foundation is of clay, wood, or copper, and the overlaying is of thin 

 sheets of silver, meteoric iron, or selected copper. Bracelets of metal 

 occur frequently with burials and are sometimes found upon altars, 

 and while the form varies somewhat, they are usually of the simplest 

 construction. Some of these are of copper, very neatly overlaid 

 with thin silver. 



One of the most common personal ornaments of metal is the ear- 

 plug, illustrations of which appear on plate v. These are often found 

 with skeletons and also occur in considerable numbers on the altars. 

 A part of the head of a terracotta effigy from an altar of the Turner 

 group is shown in h, I, which illustrate, the manner of wearing these 

 ornaments. Another fragment showing the perforation in the lobe 

 of the ear for the insertion of the ornament is illustrated in o. Un- 

 usually fine specimens of these ornaments are shown in n and p. A 

 pair of each of these was found with the extensive copper deposit in 

 the great mound of the Hopewell group. 



Various methods of constructing these objects are shown in a-g, i. 

 A hollow rivet, made by rolling together a strip of copper, usually 

 connects the inner plates of the two discs. One of these is shown in e. 

 Their relative positions are illustrated in the cross-sections, a, c, d, f. 

 Another less common method of joining the discs is illustrated in g 

 and i. Here the ends of the pulley-shaped piece of copper are much 

 expanded, and to these the discs are secured by turning under the 

 edge of the outer plate. In g, the upper disc has been removed to 

 show the construction. In most of the specimens, each of the two 



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