HOLMES ANNIVERSARY VOLUME 



perforation and its ends rounded and hardened in the fire. The stick 

 was then placed between two adjoining limbs of a tree, its ends being 

 inserted in depressions cut into the limbs. With the aid of an impro- 

 vised bow, the stick bearing the ring was revolved back and forth, 

 and the ring finished by the use of the stone knives held against a 

 cross-bar. Sand, water, and ashes were used for polishing. The above 

 device formed, of course, a rude lathe, but it was merely the adap- 

 tation of the bow-drill which was known to the Eskimo and some 

 other American tribes in prehistoric times. 



TEXTILE FABRICS 



The textile fabrics of this people did not differ materially from 

 those of many other tribes of the United States. They appear to be 

 principally of the twined-woven variety which was so widespread 

 among people who had not adopted the loom. Many fragments of this 

 cloth have been preserved by contact with metal objects, or have 

 been found charred on the altars, or with cremated human remains. 

 Some of this cloth is of a remarkably fine texture, for weaving 

 done principally with the fingers unaided by mechanical devices. 



Plate xiii, a-c, shows small sections of twined-woven cloth at the 

 right, at the left enlarged drawings of each which illustrate more 

 clearly the relation of the warp and woof cords. Other examples of 

 this weaving are shown in g-i. The wave-like arrangement of the 

 warp cords in * is very unusual. The twined woof cords in all of the 

 above specimens are relatively like those shown in the sectional 

 sketch in i. In/ we have an example of the simple in-and-out weave; 

 this is probably a piece of the upper portion of a bag. This type of 

 weaving was sometimes followed in this region in making much finer 

 cloth. What appear to be fragments of netted bags are illustrated 

 at the right in d and e. Enlarged drawings appear at the left, showing 

 the stitch. This type of netting is found among the northern Atha- 

 pascans, in California, in the Pueblo region, and in northern Mexico, 

 but is rare in other sections north of Mexico. 



Peabody Museum, Harvard University 

 Cambridge, Massachusetts 



[ 4 8o] 



