WISSLER— ARCHEOLOGICAL AND CULTURE AREAS 



distribution of phonetic types alone would show a similar correspond- 

 ence. 



There is still another aspect of correlation. Each culture area 

 tends to contain one large dominating stock. If we refer to Powell's 

 linguistic map, Swanton and Thomas's map for Mexico and Central 

 America, and the archeological map of Holmes, and also compare 

 Chamberlain's linguistic map of South America with the archeo- 

 logical map accompanying this article, we find that this prin- 

 ciple far more often holds than not. The peculiar point, is, how- 

 ever, that the unity is in the stock affiliation and not in practical 

 speech, for the linguistic differentiation within a stock is often very 

 great. Neither is there political unity, and it may be doubted if one 

 of these can long exist without the other. The suggestion is, there- 

 fore, that the similarities of languages within a geographical or a 

 culture area are due to the expansion of the early parent stocks 

 within their habitats and to the long association made possible 

 thereby. 



We may now turn to the somatic classification of American abo- 

 rigines. Again we have a truism that no correlations are to be found 

 with culture and language. Unfortunately, no one has mapped out 

 the somatic characters of our subject or even prepared a concise 

 statement of their distribution. In consequence, we cannot make a 

 definite comparison. Yet, some points can be cited. In the Eskimo 

 we have almost an identity of somatic type and culture, and archeo- 

 logical investigations in Greenland and Alaska have so far revealed no 

 predecessors. In reviewing the somatic characters of the Canadian 

 Indians, Boas has differentiated a North Pacific type (Area IX) and 

 a Plateau type (Area VIII). While it is true that each of these large 

 groups can be subdivided and are far less homogeneous than the 

 Eskimo, they are nevertheless real groups and in so far correlate with 

 the cultural classification. Dr Hrdlicka has investigated two of our 

 areas, California (VII) and the North Atlantic (I). By comparing the 

 skeletons from burials recent and otherwise, this investigator con- 

 cludes that one and only one type is found in each area. Without 

 enumerating some less definite determinations that have been made 

 for other areas, we may safely say that there is here also a clear 

 tendency for somatic type to correlate with culture areas. On the 

 other hand, many characters, as stature and cephalic index, seem to 

 be distributed rather differently than culture, thus giving a relation 

 not unlike that we have noted among widely scattered language 

 groups. 



It is clear that if Dr Hrdlicka's conclusions for California and the 



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